Positive Psychology Quiz 4

Front 1

Purpose

Back 1

A desire for direction in life

Front 2

Value

Back 2

Finding justifications for actions that affirm the positive value of one's life

Front 3

Self-Efficacy

Back 3

People need to feel that they have control over the things that happen to them so that life does not seem chaotic, capricious, and beyond their control

Front 4

Self-Worth

Back 4

Reflects peoples need for positive self-evaluation and self-esteem

Front 5

Attachment Theory

Back 5

Describes the nature of the attachment between parent and child as an important index of a healthy family and a foundation for later development

Front 6

Types of Attachment

Back 6

1.) Secure Attachment
2.) Avoidant Attachment
3.) Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment

Front 7

Secure Attachment

Back 7

“God is generally warm and responsive to me. Knows when to be supportive and protective & when to let me make my own mistakes. I am happy & comfortable with my relationship to God.

Better than other two in self-reported life satisfaction, physical health, levels of anxiety, & mental health.

Front 8

Avoidant Attachment

Back 8

“God is generally impersonal & distant, seems to have little or no interest in my personal problems. Feel He doesn’t care very much about me & may not like me.

Front 9

Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment

Back 9

“God seems inconsistent in His reactions to me. Sometimes warm and responsive other times not. Sure He loves me, but sometimes shows it in ways I really don’t understand

Front 10

Oxytocin

Back 10

A pituitary hormone that has physiological effects that counter the fight-or-flight stress response

This hormone reduces fearfulness and the physiological arousal associated with stress by producing relaxation and calmness

Front 11

Self-Disclosure

Back 11

Revealing intimate details of the self to others

Front 12

Disclosure Reciprocity

Back 12

We like people to whom we have disclosed. Research has identified a strong tendency for disclosure to beget disclosure

Front 13

Exchange Relationships

Back 13

Are typically more formal, less personal, and in the beginning stages of development. They are built on fairness and mutual reciprocity

Front 14

Communal Relationships

Back 14

Are more typical with our closer friends, romantic partners, and family members

Front 15

Direct Effects Hypothesis

Back 15

Close relationships contribute to health and happiness even when we are not facing stressful life events

The basic idea is that positive emotions have beneficial effects that are both independent of, and beyond those of negative emotions

Front 16

Capitalization

Back 16

When people share or celebrate a positive life event with others, they derive additional benefits beyond the effect of the event itself

Front 17

Attachment Theory

Back 17

Raises the intriguing possibility that some of our most basic, and perhaps unconscious, emotional responses to intimacy are shaped by the kind of relationship we had with our parents

Front 18

Mental Illness

Back 18

Defined as a high degree of mental illness symptoms and a low degree of mental health indicators

Front 19

Flourishing

Back 19

COMPLETE MENTAL HEALTH

Defined as the absence of mental illness symptoms and the prominence of mental health symptoms

Front 20

Languishing

Back 20

Life near zero

Defined as a low degree of mental illness together with a low degree of positive mental health

Front 21

Positive Psychotherapy (PPT)

Back 21

Based on Seligman and Petersons work regarding virtue and character strengths, and seeks to develop signature strengths and enhance well-being by encouraging the individual to engage in virtuous behaviors.

Front 22

Mindlessness

Back 22

Refers to a state of consciousness marked by little awareness of what is going on in the present moment

Front 23

Mindfulness

Back 23

Means focusing on the here-and-now, rather than ruminating about the past, or entertaining anxieties and wishful thinking about the future.

This mean living IN the present- NOT FOR the present

Front 24

Mortality Salience

Back 24

A manipulation Terror management researchers use to create awareness of death.

Might involve brief exposure to death related scenes.

Front 25

Death Reflection

Back 25

Manipulation that parallel the essential features of near-death experiences.

Front 26

Disidentification

Back 26

Observing oneself closely and stopping the process of identifying with one's thoughts rather than with reality.

Front 27

Cozzolino (2004)

Back 27

Created a vicarious death reflection manipulation.

Participants in the death reflection condition were asked to read and imagine a death scenario that involved being in a fire burning room right before you died.

Was found to produce significant emotional and value changes in comparison to control and mortality salience conditions

Front 28

Houston and his colleagues PAIR project

Back 28

(Process of Adaptation in Intimate Relationships) - 168 couples married in 1981
Data for first 13 years
35% divorced
20% unhappy with marriage
45% considered themselves happily married
Those at greatest risk for divorce had steepest decline in satisfaction - early divorced had highest levels of beginning affection & romance - 33% more affection than those still married.

Front 29

Emmons and McCullough (2003)

Back 29

Students in 10-week study on gratitude.

Grateful: “… many things in life might be grateful about. Think over last week and write down things in your life that you are grateful or thankful for.”

Hassle: Many irritants & annoying things in life. Write down.

Events: Many things have impact on us. Write down.

Results: Over 10 weeks felt better about selves & life, more grateful generally, fewer negative emotions, fewer health problems

Front 30

Values in Action Project (VIA)

Back 30

Hoped to create a comprehensive classification system similar to the DSM, but one that focused on human strengths and not weaknesses