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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal Cavity
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-stomach
-small and large intestines -liver -gallbladder -spleen -pancreas -kidneys |
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Pelvic Cavity
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-rectum
-sigmoid of large intestine -urinary bladder -reproductive organs |
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Peritoneum
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-double-walled seromembranous sac
-encloses abdominopelvic cavity |
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Parietal Peritoneum
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-outer portion
-in close contact w/ abdominal wall, greater (false) pelvic wall, and most of undersurface of diaphragm |
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Visceral Peritoneum
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-inner portion
-positioned over or around the contained organs |
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Mesentery and Omenta
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-folds formed by peritoneum
-support viscera in position |
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Peritoneal Cavity
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-space between 2 layers of peritoneum
-contains serous fluid |
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Retroperitoneum
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-cavity behind peritoneum
-contains organs such as kidneys and pancreas |
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Liver
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-largest gland in the body
-occupies almost all of the right hypochondrium and a large part of the epigastrium -primary function is bile production |
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Falciform Ligament
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-point at which liver is divided into
large right lobe and small left lobe |
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Bile and the Liver
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-channel of elimination for waste
products of red blood cell destruction -is excretory and secretory -as secretion, it's an important aid in emulsification and assimilation of fats -collected from liver cells by ducts and either carried to gallbladder for temporary storage or poured directly into duodenum through common bile duct |
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Right Lobe of Liver
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-has 2 minor lobes on medial side
-caudate lobe on posterior surface -quadrate lobe on inferior surface |
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Porta Hepatis
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-hilum of liver
-situated transversely between caudate and quadrate lobes |
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Blood to Liver
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-portal vein
-hepatic artery |
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R and L Hepatic Ducts
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-emerge at porta hepatis
-join to form common hepatic duct |
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Common Hepatic Duct
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-unites w/ cystic duct to form common
bile duct |
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Common Bile Duct
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-joins pancreatic duct, w/ which it
enters hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater -distal end controlled by choledochal sphincter |
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Hepatopancreatic Ampulla
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-opens into descending portion of
duodenum and on an elevation on the duodenal mucosa known as the major duodenal papilla -controlled by sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla/sphincter of Oddi |
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Sphincter of Hepatopancreatic Ampulla / Sphincter of Oddi
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-remains in contracted state during
interdigestive periods, thus routing most of the bile into the gallbladder for concentration and temporary storage -relaxes during digestion to permit bile to flow from liver and gallbladder into duodenum |
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Gallbladder
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-thin-walled musculomembranous sac
w/ capacity of approx. 2 oz. -concentrates bile by absorption of the water content -stores bile during interdigestive periods -contraction of its musculature, evacuates bile during digestion |
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Cholecystokinin
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-hormone that activates contraction of
gallbladder -secreted by duodenal mucosa -released into blood when fatty or acid chime passes into the intestine |
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Pancreas
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-is both an endo- and exocrine gland
-exocrine portion produces pancreatic juice that acts on proteins, fats, and carbohydrates -endocrine portion consists of islets of Langerhans -each islet consists of clusters of cells surrounding small groups of capillaries -these cells produce the hormones insulin and glucagon, which are responsible for sugar metabolism -digestive juice secreted by exocrine cells is conveyed into pancreatic duct and from there into the duodenum |
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Spleen
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-belongs to lymphatic system
-glandlike but ductless organ -produces lymphocytes -stores and removes dead or dying red blood cells |
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Best Criteria for Judging Quality of Abdominal Radiograph are Sharp Outlines of:
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-psoas muscles
-lower border of liver -kidneys -ribs -transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae |
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Upright AP abdomen and AP Left Lateral Decubitus Used to:
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-demonstrate free air
(pneumoperitoneum) -determine presence and location of air-fluid levels |
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PA Chest indicated b/c
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-any air escaping from the GI tract into
the peritoneal space rises to the highest level, usually just beneath the diaphragm |
