Porifera Flash Cards

Front 1

Asconoid

Back 1

The simplest body structure in sponges is a tube or vase shape known as "asconoid", but this severely limits the size of the animal. The body structure is characterized by a stalk-like spongocoel surrounded by a single layer of choanocytes.

Front 2

Syconoid

Back 2

Syconoid sponges appear to be larger versions (with more infoldings) of asconoids, still having just a single osculum. However, the body wall is generally thicker and more complex with incurrent canals rather than simple pores.

Front 3

Leuconoid

Back 3

Leuconoid sponges are the most complex in design in that not all the chambers are flagellated. Water flowing in through incurrent canals is selectively pumped through those chambers which are, and expelled via one of a series of oscula.

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Hermaphroditic

Back 4

an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes

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Parenchymula larvae

Back 5

A type of larva of a Demosponge composed of an envelope of flagellated cells surrounding an internal mass of cells

Front 6

Spongin

Back 6

Spongin, a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges.

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Spicule

Back 7

one of the small, hard, calcareous orsiliceous bodies that serve as the skeletalelements of various marine and freshwaterinvertebrates.

Front 8

Gemmules

Back 8

Gemmules are internal buds found in sponges and are involved in asexual reproduction. It is an asexually reproduced mass of cells, that is capable of developing into a new organism i.e., an adult sponge.

Front 9

Amebocyte

Back 9

An amebocyte or amoebocyte is a mobile cell (moving like an amoeba) in the body of invertebrates such as echinoderms, mollusks or sponges. They move by pseudopodia. Similarly to some of the white blood cells of vertebrates, in many species amebocytes are found in the blood or body fluid and play a role in the defense of the organism against pathogens.

Front 10

Apopyle

Back 10

one of the openings by which the water passes out of a radial canal or flagellated chamber of a sponge

Front 11

Atrium

Back 11

either of the two upper chambers oneach side of the heart that receive blood fromthe veins and in turn force it into the ventricles.

Front 12

Amphiblastula Larva

Back 12

a free-swimming larva of certain sponges that is essentially a blastula with small flagellated cells in one hemisphere and large nonflagellated cells in the other

Front 13

Choanocytes

Back 13

Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior of asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body type sponges that contain a central flagellum, or undulipodia,[1] surrounded by a collar of microvilli which are connected by a thin membrane.

Front 14

Excurrent Canals

Back 14

having an outward flow, as certain pores in sponges, ducts, etc.

Front 15

Incurrent Canals

Back 15

having an inward flow, as certain pores in sponges, ducts, etc.

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Flagellated Chamber

Back 16

one of the outpouchings of the wall of the central cavity of a sponge that is lined with choanocytes and connects with incurrent canals through prosopyles

Front 17

Sessile

Back 17

(of an organism, e.g. a barnacle) fixed in one place; immobile.

Front 18

Micropyle

Back 18

a differentiated area of surface in an egg through which a sperm enters

Front 19

Micropore

Back 19

a very fine or small pore

Front 20

Ostia

Back 20

All sponges have ostia, channels leading to the interior through the mesohyl, and in most sponges these are controlled by tube-like porocytes that form closable inlet valves.

Front 21

Osculum

Back 21

The osculum is an excretory structure in the livingsponge, a large opening to the outside through which the current of water exits after passing through thespongocoel.

Front 22

Pinacocytes

Back 22

Pinacocytes are flat cells found on the outermost layer (Pinacoderm) of a sponge (phylum

Front 23

Prosopyle

Back 23

a pore through which water isdrawn from the outside into one of the saclikechambers formed by the evagination of the bodywall.

Front 24

Porocytes

Back 24

Porocytes are tubular cells which make up the pores of a sponge known as ostia.

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Mesohyl

Back 25

The mesohyl, formerly known as mesenchyme or as mesoglea, is the gelatinous matrix within a sponge. It fills the space between the external pinacoderm and the internal choanoderm.