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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Urbanization |
- dramatic population shift from rural to urban areas (famers --> factories/cities) |
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Industrialization |
- increased wage dependency - challenged yeoman farmer ideal of Jefferson - become dependent of the marketplace |
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Drop in Commodity Prices |
- westward expansion --> foreign competition |
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Pro/Anti-Tariff Arguments |
- tariffs raised prices on manufactured goods --> hurt exports of agricultural goods |
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Proletarianization |
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Sharecropping |
- a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced |
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The Granger Movement |
- to advance agricultural methods --> promote social and economic needs of American farmers - gave support to the Greenback Party, Populist Party, and Progressives - "Granger Laws" --> establish standard railroad rates - Farmers' Cooperatives --> attempt to control prices --> but operated on a cash basis which many farmers lacked |
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Greenback Ideology (Subtreasury Plan) |
- called for a new form of currency --> given to farmers in exchange for storing agricultural surplus - gave farmers inexpensive credit and flexible currency system |
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"Mountain Populism" |
- emphasis on silver - antimonopoly measures |
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"Munn vs. Illinois" |
- Supreme Court decides business in which the public is involved must submit to be controlled by the public for the common good |
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Great Railway Strike |
- railroad workers in WV started a strike --> protest working conditions and wages - spread across the country --> lead to violent confrontations |
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Farmers' Alliances |
- National Farmers' Alliance --> included many organizations - Colored Farmer's Alliance --> made of black farmers who were not allowed into the NFA - both fought for the benefit for American farmers |
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Cleburne Demands |
- call for (1) heavy taxation on land used for speculation, (2) regulation of railroad rates, (3) increases in the money supply - more gestural than action |
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Knights of Labor |
- early labor organization - supported (1) eight-hour day, (2) producerism, (3) attempted collective bargaining - Terrence V. Powderly --> head of Knight of Labor - lacked the organization to succeed |
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Producerism |
- an ideology that those who gain their wealth are more valuable than those who inherit it |
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Haymarket Square Riot |
- anarchists protest police killing of strike laborers - police intervened --> a bomb was thrown and police fired into the crowd |
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Samuel Gompers - the American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
- focused on practical matters --> hours, wages, working conditions - effective model for collective bargaining |
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Interstate Commerce Act |
- railroads made subject to federal regulation - in response to pressure from farmers and populist groups |
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Homestead Steel Strike |
- Henry Clay Frick, responding to falling steel prices, cut wages - workers protest --> Frick closes the plant and refuses to negotiate - successfully broke up the union --> led to many other companies to do the same |
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Populist Party Convention - the Omaha Platform |
- Populist Party emerges --> due to Democratic Party's failure to adopt subtreasury plans - focused on finance, transportation, and land - reluctance to immigrants - alienated urban areas - Omaha Platform --> endorsed (1) greenbackism, (2) pensions for veterans, (3) government financing of farmer's labors |
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Coxey's Army |
- Populist Jacob S Coxey --> leads unemployed workers on a march to DC - calls on Congress to create public-works jobs |
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Pullman Strike |
- boycott of Pullman train cars --> affected traffic throughout the country - pro-union mobs --> destroyed trains and buildings --> jailing of union and strike leaders --> end of the American Railway Union |
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William Jennings Bryan - Democratic Presidential Candidate |
- "Fusion Politics" --> Populist feared if Democrats adopted their beliefs it would end their party - division over bimetallism - Bryan adopted bimetallism due to its popularity --> ending the Populist party |
