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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

statistics

set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing and interpreting information

statistical procedures

ensure information/observations are presented, interpreted in accurate ways

population

entire set of individuals for a research question

sample

individuals selected from a population


designated to represent the entire population

research

  • generalize results back to population
  • interested in specific characteristics of the

individuals or outside factors that influence the individuals

variable


  • characteristic/condition that can change or has different values for different individuals
  • weight, height, gender
  • temperature, time of day, size of room

variable


  • necessary to make measurements of the

variables


  • measurement obtained is datum or raw score

set of scores

data set

data


measurements or observations


datum

single measurement/ observation called a raw score

data parameters


  • distinguish between population or sample
  • average score is a statistic
  • research begins with question regarding
  • population parameter

parameter


  • usually numerical value describing population
  • derived from individuals in the population

statistic


  • numerical value that describes a sample
  • derived from the measurements of individuals in sample

descriptive statistics

procedures used to summarize, organize and simplify data

inferential statistics

techniques allowing study samples, then generalizations regarding the population they came from

sample problems
  • only limited information about population
  • cannot provide accurate picture of whole population
  • discrepancy between sample statistic and corresponding parameter (sampling error)

sampling error

naturally occurring discrepancy/error that exists between sample statistic and corresponding population parameter

cognitive psychology


  • judgement, decision-making, heuristics (problem solving), biases
  • applications - science, medicine, ethics
  • subjective performance (confidence)

research
  • most conduct controlled, experimental, correlational, observational studies

intuition


initial responses to stimuli, situations, etc

authority

face value, information from a trusted source

reason

assumption of set of premises (facts) using rules to see what follows

empiricism

natural observation and controlled experiments to obtain data

naïve physics

predicting behaviour of objects in nature

folk biology

zoology

folk psychology/theory of mind

how others think