Population Genetics- Chp. 22

Front 1

genotype frequency

Back 1

-proportion of occurence of allele combination
-equal to chance of random mating between different genotypes
-punnett sqaures number

Front 2

allele frequnecy

Back 2

-proportion of different alleles in the population
-p=dominant, q= recessive
-p=2(AA)+(Aa)/2N
-q=2(aa)+(Aa)/2N
-no change= no evolution

Front 3

demes of metapopulations

Back 3

-deme=subpopulations
-metapopulations=alll subpopulations as one

Front 4

fixation of alleles

Back 4

-all genotypes are homozygous
-only one allele at that gene

Front 5

who evolves?

Back 5

-popultions...NOT INDIVIDUALS!
-evolution is in the genes, phenotype changes are not passed on.

Front 6

expected genotype f from allele f

Back 6

-AA=p squared
-Aa=2pq
-aa=q squared

p+q=1

Front 7

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Back 7

occures when:
-large population
-sexual reproduction
-no migration
-no mutation
-random mating
-no selection

allele f and genotype f DONT chagne over time.

Front 8

microevolution

Back 8

-changes in population genetic structrure from gen to gen
-disproves Hardy Weinburg
-5 way this goes down:
1. genetir drift
2. gene flow
3. non random mating
4. mutation
5. natural selection

Front 9

genetic drift

Back 9

-small populations
-chance plays large role
-reduces variability in two ways:
1. bottleneck effect-only a few survive event
2. founder effect- a bunch of randoms leave to restart and dont take all alleles

Front 10

gene flow

Back 10

-introduction of new alleles by mating with newbies
-increases variability
-prevents diverging
-bring demes together
-emigration: things leave with their alleles
-immegration: things come iwth their alleles

Front 11

mutation

Back 11

-ORGIN AT ALL VARAIBILITY AT GENE LEVEL!
-rare
-why evolution takes forever.

Front 12

non random mating

Back 12

-individuals mate with similar phenotypes
-heterozygotes less common
-effects genotype f....NOT ALLELE F.

Front 13

natural selection

Back 13

-unequal reproductive success of alleles
-HOW EVOLUTION HAPPENS
-who survies, passes their shit on.
-mutation and migration makes mariation...NS picks who makes the cut.

Front 14

sexual selection

Back 14

-increases natural selection
-more likely to mate based on these
-random mating can still occur because we pick some triats and ignore others.