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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define population. |
Organisms of a given species in a given area at a given time. |
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Define Species. |
A group of individuals that look alike and can interbread under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring. |
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Define Gene Pool. |
The various alleles of all the genes in all the members of a population. |
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What does the Hardy-Weinberg Principle measure? |
Change in allele frequencies in a gene pool. |
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Define genetic equilibrium. |
The frequency of a given allele remains stable, one generation after the next, thus no evolution. |
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What are the five conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium? |
1. No mutations 2. No genetic drift (large population) 3. No migration (isolated population) 4. No natural selection 5. Random mating |
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What are the two equations to the Hardy-Weinburg principle? |
"p + q = 1" and "p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1" |
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What does the p represent? |
The frequency of the dominant allele |
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What does the q represent? |
The frequency of the recessive allele |
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What does the p^2 represent? |
The frequency that is homozygous dominant |
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What does pq represent? |
The frequency that is heterozygous |
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What does the q^2 represent? |
The frequency that is homozygous recessive? |
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Define genetic drift. |
Involves changes in allelic frequency due to change. |
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What size of populations does genetic drift affect? |
Small size populations. |
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Define the Founder effect. |
When a small amount of individuals find a colony, and only a fraction of the total genetic diveristy of the original gene pool is represented. |
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Define Bottleneck effect. |
When a drift that is due to a decline in population occurs and the small population is forced to exist as a small population over time and will experience a decline in allelic variability as well as a likely change in allelic frequency. |
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Define gene flow. |
The movement of alleles between populations by interbreeding, migration, dispersal of seeds. etc. |
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What do mutations provide? How do they affect the gene pool?
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Mutations provide new alleles, therefore changes the allelic frequency in the gene pool. |
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What occurs during Natural Selection? |
Those best adapted to the environment survive and pass on their traits to their offspring. |
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When does non-random mating occur? |
Occurs when individuals pair up not by chance but according to their genotype or phenotype . |
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Define population size. |
The number of individuals that share a population gene pool. |
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Define population density. |
The number of individuals in a given area. |
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What is the population density formula? |
Dp = N/A or N/V |
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Define Clumped Dispersion. |
Individuals are more concentrated in certain parts of a habitat. |
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Define Uniform Dispersion. |
Individuals are equally spaced throughout a habitat. |
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Define Random Dispersion. |
Individuals are spread throughout a habitat in an unpredictable and patternless matter. |
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What are the four factors that influence population size? |
1. Natality 2. Mortality 3. Immigration 4. Emmigration |
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Define Natality. |
Number of births in a population. |
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Define Mortality. |
Number of deaths in a population. |
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Define Immigration. |
Number of individuals that move IN to a population. |
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Defime Emmigration. |
Number of individuals that move OUT of a population. |
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How do we calculate the change in population? |
Final number - Initial number |
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Define open population. |
Population in which change in number and density is determined by natality, mortality, immigration and emmigration. |
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Define closed population. |
Population in which change in size and density are determined by natality and mortality alone. |
