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161 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
sovereign
to rule/control area
confederacy
an association of sovereign states
popular sovereighty
all political power is held within the peopl
limited government
says that no government is all powerful and that it can only do what the people allow
constitutionalism
gov. must be held according to constitutional principals
rule of law
when gov. officials are always subject to never above the law
checks and balances
the system where congress and the president go through laws
federalism
division of powers among central and regional gov.
amendment process
propose the amendment and 2/3 vote in both house and senate OR 2/3 vote of state leg ask for convention
NEXT: ratify it: 3/4 votes state leg(34 states)
bill of rights
first 10 amendments of constitution set out the constitutional guarentees
interstate compact
agreement among states and foreign states
full faith and credit clause
each state recognizing leagal proceedings of another state
priv. and imun. clause
states can't draw unreasonable conclusions between its own residents and the residents of another state
expressed/enumerated powers
powers that are written in the constitution
implied powers
suggest/implied by expressed powers
inherent powers
powers that belong to national government b/c they are part of the gov
reserved powers
powers given to states but denied my national govt.
concurrent powers
powers that both the national and states posses
judicial review
because of this the supreme court can declare to be unconstitutional(doesnt exist)
Locke
-believed in freedom of speech
Hobbes
-believed democracy was weak
Rousseau
-Believed that you should be free
Preamble
Part of constitution that lists the goals
how many amendments are in the constitution?
27
Supremacy Clause
says that if state and federal law conflict then federal law controls and is enforced
Arcticle 1
Legislative branch
article 2
executive branch
article 3
judicial branch
article 4
relations among the states
article 5
method of amendment
article 6
national supremacy
article 7
ratification
Necessary and proper clause
lets congress enact laws
cooperative federalism
is when states work side by side with federal government
Where is the declaration stated?
Bill of rights
why did federalism help political compromise?
way of dividing powers helped avoid cruelty
what did federalism do for the articles of federation?
helped to solve problems
why is central/regional gov. helpful for federalism?
easier because central could deal with the bigger issues and regional govt could deal with smaller issues in that state
Rousseau help with federalism?
Political subcultures
what creates federalism?
10th amendment-reserves power to states
Direct democracy
-occurs when ideas from ppl translate into public policy
commerce clause
states that congress should be in control to regulate foreign commerce and among states
political party
a group of people who try to control government through winning elections
electorate
people eligible to vote
caucus
party members debate and then vote to select a nominee
coalition
alliance to form a majority to control gov
ideology
parties based on a particular set of beliefs
closed primary
when only declared party member can vote
open primary
when any qualified voter can vote
run-off election
held when no candidate gets a majority
What is the purpose of the Electoral College?
its to make a higher vote to choose the fittest candidate
How many Electors are there?
538 member
How many votes are need to win?
majority which is 270
Platform
declarations
who decides the date of events?
the states
FEC
makes sure candidates will follow fundraising laws
general election
is a type of elections when a voter cast all of their votes for mainly dem. or republican
primary
election within each party to pick the final candidate
Soft Money
a contribution to a political party
Hard money
Contribution to a candidate rather than a political party
democrat symbol
donkey
republican symbol
elephant
Political Action Committee (PAC)
a political committee organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect/defeat candidates
straw poll
a way to read the publics mind by asking the same questions to a large number of people
poll universe
population that a poll aims to measure
random sample
random people who dont live in any specific areas
Interest Group
specific group for a specific purpose who everyone has similar views on issues
radical
Favors a radical or basic change. Quite impatient and would quickly
liberal
Is ready to move forward and accept change
conservative
Is quite content with things the way they are.
reactionary
Wants change also
Moderate
they are neither left wing or right wing. stay in the middle
Nomination
process of selecting a candidate in an electoral system
national convection
meeting held to pick their presidential and vice presidential cadidates
Planks
are issues in the platform
The "ticket"
is when you vote in a general election for both the vp and prez together
Third party
not a democrat or republican
Republican Characteristics
-no gay marriage
Democratic Characteristics
- All about change
Reasons for a 2 party system
-People can usually side with one of the parties
Problems with polls
-not always accurate
problems with polls
inaccurate
Changes in media influence
can change how you view a person
interest groups differ from political parties
-have a direct issue that they are concentrating on
Standing Commitee
perminant commitee in a legslative body in which all similar bills can be sent to
Impeachment
to bring formal changes against a public official
pigeonhole
when a bill died meaning it is put aside and never dealt with
Quorum
the majority/number of people who need to be present in order to conduct business
Census
the number of people who live in the US
Cloture
procedure to limit/end floor debate in a legislative body
what happends when the president vetos a bill?
sends back to congress and congress can get 2/3 H&S vote for law
what happends when the president signs?
bill becomes a law
what happends when the president ignores the bill?
it becomes a law after 10 days
what happends when the president chooses to pocket veto?
president ignores the tlhe bill less with less than 10 days less in leg. session
why 10 days?
allows the president to figure/reflect on the bill so he can talk to other officials.
rider
this is an unpopular that is usually attached to a popular bill. this can kill/help the unpopular one
House rules commitee
they schedule floor debate and makes rules governing debate procedures
Mark up session
when the bill might be changed or rewritten
gerrymandering
the drawing of electoral district district line to advantage of a party group
Fillibuster
this is when senators can "talk a bill to death"
special session
a session held to deal with an emergency situation
how does government borrow money?
selling bonds
why does gov borrow money
we dont have enough money from tax payers
who do we owe?
china/american citizens & companies.
Who has power to say if we buy/sell bonds?
congress
why is large national debt a potential problem?
government could shut down
if president wants to attack another nation can congress stop it?
yes
How can congress regulate US relations with foreign nations?
if prez wants to go to war
Speaker of the House
The chief officer of the HOR
Vice President
The chief officer of the Senate
Whip
a person whose job is to make sure that members of their party vote the wat that the leadership of the party wants them to
Majority Leader/Minority leader
They speak for their party and organizes the party
National debt
the total value of all of the bonds .
Oversight
What congress oversees
Limits on Oversight
Time(take a long time)
Junket
a nice trip/ a delay where members of committee can study the bill
interstate commerce
commercial trade
Congressional Districting
Dividing of districts
Advice and Consent
Senate giving approval president
Pork Barrel
refers to spending intended to benefit constintuent of a politician
Elastic Clause
lets congress grants the right to pass laws for carrying out power(necessary and proper)
Qualifications for being president
*natural born citizen
2 official duties of the Vice Preisident
-To preside over senate
presidential roles
Chief of state
Chief of state
Means the head of the country
Chief of executive
the person who holds in office
Chief administrator
president directs an administration that that employs people
Commander in chief
leader of the armed forces
Chief legistature
head of public policy
Chief of party
head of political party
executive order
president can issue this in order to carry out policies described in laws
balance the ticket
-process of choosing an appropriate running mate
Amnesty
a pardon offered to a group of accused people
executive agreement
when president avoids diffuculty of having senate approve a formal treaty
Executive Privilege
the president can claim this and this is when he/she to refuse/disclose information to congress
ambassador
-appointed by prez
bureaucracy
all of the different agencies work with the prez.
independent agency
an agency made by congress outside of the cabinet dept
patronage
a practice of giving jobs to supporters and friends
Cabinet
-heads of exec depts
pardon
release from the punishment or legal consequences of a crime by the prez
govt corporation
corporation within exec branch set out by congress in order to carry out certain business like activities
OMB(Office of management and budget)
dnt only deal with bidget and prepare exec orders but they also veto orders
National Security Council
Deals with all military advisors
Order of succession
-VP
CHief of staff
means head of army and airforce
press secretary
person who is responsible for press and public relationships under the president
republic
a form of government in which most of government is controlled by the people.
establishment clause
separates church and state
Due process clause
says that no state should deny basic rights from its people
free exercise clause
guarantees religious freedom
probable cause
when someone's suspicious that there is crime
exclusionary rule
allows police evidence that is gained on behalf of an illegal act. this wouldnt be able to be used in trial
blanket primary
voters are given a long ballot with ALL the names of contenders and they can vote however they chose
jurisdiction
authority for court to hear the case
common law
an unwritten law made by a judge that has developed over centuries
judicial restraint
believe that judges should decide cases on the basis of the intent of the framers
judicial activisism
people who take a broader view on judicial power
writ of ceritiori
higher court demanding lower court to send up record in a case for review
statutory law
law passed by legislation
plurality
# of votes leading cadidate obtains over the next highest candidate