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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Part of the First Amendment of Constitution that states that Congress can't establish a state religion.
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Establishment Clause
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Part of the First Amendment of the Constitution that states that Congress can't prevent the exercise or belief of a particular religion.
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Free Exercise Clause
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An issue in education policy that concerns a teacher's ability in the classroom.
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Teacher Quality
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The test that is required by the No Child Left Behind Act to determine whether schools are meeting appropriate standards.
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National Assessment of Education Progress
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The idea that teacher pay increases be based on performance in the classroom; this is sometimes linked to how students perform an standardized exams.
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Merit Pay
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An exam used to determine teacher's pedagogical skills or knowledge base.
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Competency Test
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Term used to describe any shcool reform effort that provides parents with options regarding where to send their children, including charter schools and voucher programs. Sometimes the term is used more specifically to describe programs in which parents can send children to public schools in a particular area.
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School Choice
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School reform idea in which the government provides parents with a certain amount of money that can be applied to a students education; often associated with a way to provide people with a private school option they may not have been able to afford in the past.
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School Vouchers
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A school reform idea in which a school is government-supported but independent. A state board of education gives an independent entity the responsibility for a establishing a school and delivering education services with limited control by the school board.
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Charter School
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The major international treaty that commits signatory nations to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by a specified amount as a way to reduce the risk of global climate change or global warming.
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Kyoto Protocol
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Economic Growth that is compatible with environmental systems and social goals.
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Sustainable Development
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An approach to environmental or resource decision making in which industry and other stakeholders work cooperatively with government officials. Thought to be more effective and less conflict ridden than more conventional regulation.
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Collaborative Decision Making
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Form of impact assessment in which government agencies must provide details on the environmental consequences of major actions, such as highway construction, and make them public prior to a final decision on the project.
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Environmental Impact Statement *(EIS)
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And independent federal regulatory agency charged with enforcement of most environmental protection laws (such as pollution control) .
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Environmental Protection Agency *(EPA)
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The traditional approach to environmental regulation in which government sets and enforces standards for air, water quality, and other resources (also known as direct regulation).
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Command-and-Control
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Also called simply regulation, Government regulates or controls environmental, health, and safety performance of industry or other facilities through the setting and enforcement of standards and sometimes through requirements for certain technologies to be used.
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Direct Regulation
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A philosophy of governance based on the belief that the natural environment should be protected for future generations- that is, that the government is the head of such protections.
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Environmental Stewardship
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Principle that any natural resource, such as public forestland, can be used simultaneously for multiple purposes or uses, for example, timber harvesting and recreation. A longstanding element of federal land and forest policies.
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Multiple Use
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Specific charges that the user of a natural resource pays. Could be charges for entering a national park, harvesting timber from public lands, or mining minerals on public lands.
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User Fees
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Government policies that provide financial incentives to develop and use specific resources, such as land,water, minerals, and forests. Traditionally a major component of federal natural resource policies.
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Resource Subsidies
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A comprehensive approach to natural resource management that emphasizes the integrated treatment of entire ecosystems and their functions. Contrasted with efforts to deal with a specific species or body of land or water.
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Ecosystem Management
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An association of oil- producing and exporting nations that was established to help fuse their mutual interests, particularly the price of oil on the world market and the stability of oil production.
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries *(OPEC)
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Federal program that mandates achievement of an average level of fuel efficiency for a given automaker's line of vehicles. That is, it sets minimum fuel economy standards, but only for the average of all vehicles produced.
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Corporate Average Fuel Economy *(CAFE) standards
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The United Nations scientific body charge with periodic assessment of global climate change and its effects. its reports are widely considered to reflect scientific consensus on the subject.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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An ethical principle that emphasizes fairness or equity among generations. Important for environmental policies that have substantial effects far into the future, such as actions on climate change.
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Intergenerational Equity
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The federal executive department created in 2002 and charged with diverse responsibilities related to protection of the nation from security threats.
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Department of Homeland Security *(DHS)
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Usually defined as the unconventional or unlawful use or threat of violence to achieve political or social ends. It encompasses the strategies and tactics of diverse groups around the world.
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Terrorism
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The collection of government actions that affect the U.S. national security and the economic and political goals associated with it. Encompasses issues as diverse as international trade, economic assistance to poor nations, immigrations to the United States, and action on human rights abuses around the world.
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Foreign Policy
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A major component of foreign policy that encompasses the conduct of military affairs, such as weapons systems and deployment of troops. Intended to achieve policy goals set by civilian policymakers in the White House and Congress.
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Defense Policy
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A White House advisory body that focuses on issues of national security. Chaired by the president, it includes the vice president, the secretary of state, the secretary of the Treasury, the secretary of defense . and the assistant to the president for national security affairs.
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National Security Council *(NSC)
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The plan adopted in 1947 for the economic rebuilding of Europe after the end of World War II, named for Secretary of Sate George Marshall.
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Marshall Plan
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A treaty signed in Washington D.C. in 1949 by the United States and Western European nations to build a formal alliance to pursue their security interests. During the Cold War this stood in opposition to actions by the Warsaw Pact, representing the communist nations of Central and Eastern Europe.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization *(NATO)
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The period of persistent hostility, but not overt "hot" war, between the former Soviet Union and the Untied States that lasted from 1945 until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.
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Cold War
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Announced by President Harry Truman in 1947, who referred to the U.S. intention to stop the spread of communism around the world by sending money, troops, or equipment to nations to enable them to fend off communist movements. Asociated with the U.S. goal of "containment" or keeping the Soviet Union from expanding its control.
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Truman Doctrine
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Established in 1945 by the United States and fifty other nations as a global association of governments to facilitate cooperation in international law, security, economic development, and social equity. Headquartered in New York City.
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United Nations *(UN)
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The Growing interrelationship of all nations through global trade. Facilitates the development of an international marketplace in an increasingly connected world.
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Globalization
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This was established in 1995 and administers trade agreements among about 150 nations to settle conflicts over trade disputes. Its existence reflects the global marketplace of the twenty-first century.
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World Trade Organization *(WTO)
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A policy strategy used mostly in national defense in which the object is to prevent o potential enemy from taking actions harmful to the nation. Dealing with the nuclear weapons this is used by saying based on the assumption that no nation would engage in a preemptive, or first strike, war because the likely retaliation would be too massive to accept.
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Deterrence
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The federal agency established in 1947 to collect, evaluate, and distribute information and analysis related to national security, and to coordinate the nations intelligence activities.
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Central Intelligence Agency *(CIA)
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A secretive intelligence agency created in 1953 to coordinate, direct, and perform activities to protect U.S. government information systems as well as assess a diversity of foreign communications related to national security.
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National Security Agency *(NSA)
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The principal office charged with the distribution and management of U.S. economic aid, or foreign aid. this is and independent federal agency that works closely with the Department of State.
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U.S. Agency for International Development *(USAID)
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The ability of citizens to participate in policy-making processes; that is, their level of interest and knowledge, and their ability to understand issues and play an active role.
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Citizen Capacity
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The idea that citizens should play an intensive role in discussions with each other and with policymakers as part of the process of justifying or legitimizing policy action. Raises questions of citizen capacity as well as opportunities for public involvement.
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Deliberative Democracy
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The ability of government to identify and evaluate public problems, and to develop suitable policies to deal with them.
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Policy Capacity
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A belief that government should take prudent or precautionary action against problems that pose a serious risk of harm even when scientists and policymakers do not fully understand all the causes or implications.
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Precautionary Principle
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a.) What is the rating state efforts to improve teacher quality in Texas?
b.) What is the number of schools in Texas in need of improvement. |
a.) 53% C-
b.) 199 |
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What does the U.S. rank in world oil reserves?
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12th
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What are the titles of chapters 1,7,10,15,16
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a. No Child Left Behind
b. Oil Jitters c. Torture Debate d. U.S. Policy on Iran e. Cost of the Iraq War |
