Poly Sci Exam #2

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Franking Privilege

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-any and all devices or markings such as postage stamps

-a personally pen signed or printed facsimile signature of a person [8] with a "franking privilege" such as certain government officials (especially legislators) and others designated by law or Postal Regulations

-"Congressional frank"

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Amicus Curiae Briefs

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-"friend of the court"

-Refers to someone, not a party to a case, who volunteers to offer information on a point of law or some other aspect of the case to assist the court in deciding a matter before it.

-The information may be a legal opinion in the form of a brief, a testimony that has not been solicited by any of the parties, or a learned treatise on a matter that bears on the case.

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Article 2

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- Most constitutional provisions concerning executive and president

President: combines those expressly stated in constitution, delegated powers, and those inherent to executive leadership

Article 2, section 2/3: expressed powers into several categories including military, diplomatic, executive, judicial, legislative

-Makes president commander in chief (military)

-Head of CIA, NSA, FBI, NSC

- Power to recieve other governments as legitimate (diplomatic)

- Grant reprieves and pardons. AKA Kingly power (judicial)

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Solicitor General

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-the person appointed to argue for the Government of the United States in front of the Supreme Court of the United States whenever the government is party to a case

-advocates a legal position based upon the President's political position.

-In addition to actually arguing before the Court, the Solicitor General's office files amicus curiae briefs in virtually every case of significance to the federal government, regardless of whether the government is directly involved.

-"10th justice"

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Veto

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-gives power, possibly unlimited, to stop changes, but not to adopt them

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Pork-Barrel

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-refers to spending that is intended to benefit constituents of a politician in return for their political support, either in the form of campaign contributions or votes.

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Pocket Veto

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a legislative maneuver in American federal lawmaking that allows the President to indirectly veto a bill.

-The U.S. Constitution requires the President to sign or veto any legislation placed on his desk within ten days (not including Sundays) while the United States Congress is in session

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Line Item Veto

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-the power of an executive to nullify or cancel specific provisions of a bill, usually budget appropriations, without vetoing the entire legislative package.

-The line-item vetoes are usually subject to the possibility of legislative override as are traditional vetoes.

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Judicial Review

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-the power of the courts to annul the acts of the executive and/or the legislative power where it finds them incompatible with a higher norm.

-example of the functioning of separation of powers in a modern governmental system (where the judiciary is one of several branches of government).

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Marbury v. Madison

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-petition to the Supreme Court by William Marbury, who had been appointed by President John Adams as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia but whose commission was not subsequently delivered. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to force Secretary of State James Madison to deliver the documents, but the court, with John Marshall as Chief Justice, denied Marbury's petition, holding that the statute upon which he based his claim, the Judiciary Act of 1789, was unconstitutional.

-1st time the supreme court declared something unconstitutional. Created judicial review.