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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Aspects of Realism
-Human Nature Realism: The "will to power"
-Structural (neo)realism: defensive realism, offensive realism
-International anarchy and distribution of powers
- Rational unitary actor and state as a "black box"

- International Relations is an a state of anarchy
- States are like individuals who naturally look out for themselves
- Looks at the state of human nature and applies to states (everyone out to protect themselves)
- self centered
- you can't override the anarchy system
- states are rational actors (maximizing self interests). But not all the time
Realism and Assumptions of US Foreign Policy
1) Security, survival, and power
2) National Interests take precedence
3) Hegemonic stability theory
4) Hegemonic decline and imperial overstretch
Levels of Analysis for Realism
1st level (individual)-- Classical realism: human nature is the will to power

3rd level (International)-- Structural (neo)realism: anarchy and distribution of powers
Aspects of Liberalism
1) More positive view of human nature
2) Domestic politics matters: states (black boxes) are not rational unitary actors; it should be "opened up"
3) Democratic Peace Theory
4) Foreign policy is a "two level game"
5) Neoliberalism institutionalism: interstate cooperation, international regimes, and transactional interdependence

- examines other factors in American Foreign Policy decision making
- economic interdependence between states
- cooperate with each other instead of only looking out for self interests
- creating like minded states
- believe in anarchy, but economic imperatives, like Multi-National Corporations, can override it
- EXAMPLE: Marshall Plan
Liberalism and Assumptions of US Foreign Policy
1) Domestic: politics, interests, public opinion, and media affect foreign policymaking.

2) Liberal democratic polity, free-market system, free trade, and international institutions (NATO, UN, WTO) are conducive to world peace and prosperity.
Aspects of Constructivism
1) States' interests, ideas, cultures, and identities are socially constructed at the domestic level through discourses and social, economic, and political processes

2) States' interests, cultures, ides, and identities are also socially constructed through processes of interaction and inter-subjective understanding among nations

3) "Anarchy is what states make of it"

4) Identities of "friends" and "foes" are socially constituted and can be changed

-ideology socially constructed at a domestic level
- culture, gender, race, religion all play a role
-disagree with the rigid anarchical view
- states are driven by domesticators
-focus on social issues and identity
-human interactions and personal beliefs and important
- focuses on the role of informal instutions
Levels of analysis for Liberalism
2nd level (state)-- Domestic politics, regime types, interest groups, media, and public opinion shape theory

3rd level (international)-- International institutions and economic interdependence
Constructivism and Assumptions of US Foreign Policy
1) Culture and Ideas-- evolving constellation of values, beliefs, myths, language, symbols--contribute to the social discourse and construction about what it means to be "American" and what it means to be "foreign"

2) The meanings attributed to gender, race, religion, and nation at home are, then, translated to the international arena, hence affecting how the US defines its national interests and select foreign policy responses.
Constructivism Levels of Analysis
2nd level (state)-- Ideas, cultures, norms, discourses, and indentities (gender, race, class, religion, nation)

3rd level (international)-- inter-subjective understandings, interactions, discourses, international norms, and values.
Marxism and Assumptions of US Foreign Policy
1) US foreign policy outcome of the results from the economic influences of dominating interest groups

2) Desires for overseas market led to the Spanish-American War and the quest for empire in 1898

3) The Nye Committee of 1936: munitions makers and bankers lobbied the Wilson administration into WW1

4) The Oil Industry and US invasion of Iraq in 2003

5) The US "imperialist group" vs. Soviet "revolutionary states" in the Cold War