Pols127Mid_20Th Century

Front 1

FIrst World War (1914-1918)

Back 1

1) Rise of Germany and its competition with Ottoman, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, British, and French Empires
2) Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria in Serbia triggered war
3) US maintained neutrality initially (1914-1917)
4) German's unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking of Lusitania in 1915
5) US declared war on Germany in April 1917
6) Russia's Bolshevik revolution and withdrawal from war in november 1917

Front 2

Woodrow Wilson's Liberal Internationalism

Back 2

1) "Peace without Victory"
2) "World must be safe for democracy"
3) Wilson's 14 points: January 8, 1918
4) Articles of 10-16 of the League of Nations Covenant: Collective Security
5) Wilsonianism vs. Marxist- Leninism
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-League of Nation's idea "all for one and one for all"
- Wilsonianism sharp contrast to Marxist Leninism. Shows the same division later exhibited w/ Soviets and US in Cold War
- Lenin wanted all colonies to rise up against US imperialism. WIlson didn't think revolution would solve problems.

Front 3

Critics of WIlsonian Foreign Policy

Back 3

1) Jefferson Isolationists: Wilson entangled in alliances. Ignored congress in Foreign Policy decision making.

2) Hamiltonian realists: League of Nations and collective security require US to sacrifice its national sovereignty and unilateral decision making.

3) Wilson is too idealistic and policies cause WW2

Front 4

Proponents of WIlsonianism

Back 4

1) Wilson not idealistic but far sighted and pragmatic
2) US should step in a liberal hegemony to maintain world order
3) spread of democracy and free trade liberalism only antidotes to world crisis. Democracy breeds democracy. Free trade builds bonds.
4) Failure of US joining League of Nations contributed to WW2
5) Wilsonianism as the dominant belief in WW2 era
6) Arthur Link, Inkberry, Ninkovich

-Realists view of free trade: too much competition looking over self interests
- Surplus goes to military expansion
- Countries motivated by relative gains (states w more military will go to war?)

Front 5

Interwar Years (1919-1939)

Back 5

1) Senate rejected treaty of Versailles and failed to join the League of Nations
2) Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922). Naval reduction treaty.
3) Kellog-Brand Pact, 1928. Essentially outlawed war in International Relations. States should use negotiations and diplomacy.
4) Great Depression (1929)
5) Smoot- Hawley Tariff Act 1930. Highest tariff legislation. Increased tariffs from 34%-65%. Ignited international trade war.
6) Emergence of fascists militarism in Japan and Germany