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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the powers of congress?
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Enumerated powers, necessary and proper clause, implied powers, powers divided between the house and the senate
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What are constraints on congress?
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bicameralism
republicanism prohibitions checks and balances separation of powers |
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What is republicanism?
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limited government based on popular consent
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What is bicameralism?
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we have two houses, divided power
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What is apportionment
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the great compromise- house direct popular election
senate 6 year term, state legislators until the 17th amendment |
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How does federalism work with the congress?
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some powers are given to the state, some powers are shared
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What is localism?
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Bringing local concerns to a national level because congressmen represent local areas
A local bias over national issues |
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What is a delegate?
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Representative who tries to reflect the views of his or her constituency
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What is a trustee?
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A representative who acts independently and uses his own judgement
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What are the demographics of congress?
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wealthy, educated lawyers, business people
gender and race are underrepresented |
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What is gerrymandering?
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districts drawn to give one party an advantage
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What are some problems with the senate?
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gives great power to small states, can distort popular sentiment, diminishes equality, senate is unrepresentative
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Money for running and incumbents
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amount of money spent is related to the probability of winning but not a guarantee
incumbents usually raise and spend more money than challengers high turnover for incumbents- retirement or defeated at nomination stage otherwise 80-90% chance of winning |
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What are the characteristics of the presidency?
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article 2 section 1 of the constitution
single president, fixed term, electoral college, explicit power to faithfully execute the laws |
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What are the explicit enumerated powers of the presidency?
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commander and chief, make treaties with senate approval, appointments, branch appointments, veto, grant pardons, convene congress
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What are the roles of the president?
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legislative leaders- state of the union
chief executive- executive orders manager of the economy chief of state- ceremonial role head of political party commander and chief chief diplomat- treaties, executive agreements- add ons to treaties |
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Why has the presidential power expanded
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structural changes, industrial revolution, economic expansion, early presidents, US as world power
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What is the chief of staff?
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The manager of the white house staff. The top advisor
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What is the national security advisor?
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Top foreign policy and defense advisor
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What is the executive office of the president?
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a group of organizations that advise the president. office of management and budget. Council of economic advisors. National security council
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The presidents cabinet?
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The cabinet is weak and only meets a couple times a year this is because they power independent of the president and their roles are specialized.
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What makes a president successful with congress?
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Party and ideology, presidents tend to do better with foreign policy and security issues, popularity, veto power
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What is a bureaucracy?
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A large complex organization characterized by a hierarchical set of offices
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What are departments?
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.The largest units of the executive branch
bureau is the subunit of that agency is the subunit of that |
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What do bureaucrats do?
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execute programs and policy, regulate,
adjudicating- quasi judicial proceedings |
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What is patronage? or the spoils system
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distributing government offices and contracts to supporters of the winning party
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What is a unitary executive?
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The executive branch has all authority necessary to control actions of federal bureaucracy personnel and units without interference from other branches
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Congressional control over the bureaucracy?
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legislating agencies, confirming presidential appointees, controlling the agency budget, oversight hearings,
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bureaucracy reform?
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cutting the fat, privatization, become more businesslike, protect against power abuse, increase presidential control,
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What is judicial review?
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The power of the supreme court to declare actions of the other branches of government unconstitutional
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What is Marbury Vs Madison?
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The start of judicial review. The supreme court uses judicial review sparingly
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What is the structure of the federal court system?
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US supreme court, US court of appeals, US district courts
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What is a constitutional court?
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federal courts created by congress under the authority of the constitution
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What are legislative courts?
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Highly specialized federal courts created by congress
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What is original jurisdiction?
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The authority of the court to be the first to hear a particular kind of case
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What are grand juries?
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A group of citizens who decide whether there is sufficient evidence to bring an indictment
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what are petit (trial) juries?
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juries that sit in and hear evidence on charges brought in civil or criminal cases
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What are circuit courts?
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hear appeals from the federal district courts
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What are appellate courts?
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hear cases on appeal from courts other than federal district courts
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What is Stare Decisis
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Precedent should guide judicial decision making
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What is senatorial courtesy?
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Tradition that nominees for federal district courts be cleared by the senior senator of the presidents party
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What is Plessy Vs Ferguson?
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1896- separate but equal
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What is super-precedent?
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Landmark rulings that have been reaffirmed and become the fabric of american law
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What is the rule of four?
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four justices of the supreme court must agree that a case warrants review before the court will hear the case
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What is in forma pauperis?
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the process of filing a suit with the supreme court
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What is writ of certiorari?
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The announcement that a supreme court will hear a case
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What is amicus curiae?
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Individuals not part of the suit can have their voice heard
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What are the different periods of the supreme court?
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National power and property rights, government and the economy, individual rights and liberties, conservative retrenchment
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What are social movements?
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a loose collection of organized people working to get their voices heard and promote social change
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What is mass mobilization?
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The process of involving large numbers of people in a social movement
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Factors that lead the creation of social movements?
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Real or perceived distress, availability of resources for mobilization, a supportive environment, a spark
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What is a sit down strike?
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A tactic where workers stop working but don't leave the worksite
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What is civil disobedience
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Intentionally breaking laws to publicize the unjustness of a law
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