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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 4 models of voting behavior?
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Issues, Socio-Demographic, Party id, and performance of economy
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Women are more Republican/Democratic, typically
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democratic
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what is a political party?
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a group of like-minded people who join together to control the gov't through the electoral process.
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what is the difference between political parties and interest groups?
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political parties nominate a candidate
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The US has a strong/weak party system?
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weak
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the two types of parties are Weak parties and ________ parties.
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Responsible
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What are 3 differences bt/w responsible parties and weak parties?
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responsible parties have Fusion. a single party controls the gov't, whereas we have a divided gov't. responsible parties also have clear, consistent, and opposing platforms, whereas we have some overlap of parties' platforms. responsible parties allow for a quick implementation of changes, weak parties have slow implementation. Weak parties have a separatiion of powers
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what is the general reason for why our party system is weak?
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our constitutional structure pushes us toward a weak party system; separation of powers and federalism
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T or F. Our nat'l parties have strong control over the nomination process
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False. little control
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4 reasons why our parties are weak and becoming weaker.
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Australian Ballot, Primaries, Welfare Programs, and Technology
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Because of primaries, Party leaders/ Voters have the power?
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Voters
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We have a weaker party system today because campains are more/less personalized.
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more personalized. our parties are Candidate centered
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Name 3 things George McGovern did (in 1968) to make parties weaker?
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More media, More candidates, and the process is elongated now.
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as opposed to other democracies, do we have a single member-simple plurality system, or a multiple member-proportional representation system?
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We have single member districts and a simple pluratlity system.
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what is a simple plurality system?
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whoever gets the most votes in a district wins that election.
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what 2 incentives result from a Single Member, Simple Plurality System?
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1) Voters' incentive to move toward the top party
2) Losing parties have incentive to join together |
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2 reasons why we have a 2 party system.
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1. difficulty in getting on the ballot
2. Campaign finance laws |
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T or F. Parties that move from the center tend to win.
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False, they tend to lose.
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what is a consequence of having a 2 party system?
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parties are more centrist, or moderate.
2 party system pushes parties to be Broad coalitions. also, ideological range to the parties |
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T or F. According to Olsen, rational, self interested individuals will act to achieve their common group interests.
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False
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What is Party Identification?
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self-id where your affiliation is what you say you are without legal recognition, formal membership, or consistent voting behavior.
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what are the 2 theories of Party ID affiliation? describe both.
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Life-Cycle theory:
increase in age --> incr. in affiliation. PID stays the same b/c old people die off. Generational Thry: period of socialization sets strength of affiliat'n |
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T or F. The same things that influence voting behavior influence party id as well.
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True
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Are political parties stronger or weaker than they used to be?
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Both.
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George McGovern made the parties weaker by changing what process?
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the Nomination Process
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The % of independents has incr/decr/stayed same since 1950? Give 2 reasons why.
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increased/ doubled, because people see the parties as ineffective and have moved away from them,
and intensity of affiliation |
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Party ids can be seen in two ways. what are they?
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a psychological affiliation and a perceptual screen/filter
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why should party ids strengthen, according to the life-cycle theory?
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because the party id acts as a perceptual screen.
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if the race is close, people will predict what party to win?
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their own party
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Name 4 of the 5 reasons taht parties have become weaker over time.
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Less control over elected officials
Less control over nominations Less patronage Technology Identification |
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name 4 ways parties have gotten Stronger.
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Local party organizations
More Likely Paid staff parties train candidates now party contacting more |
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what is an interest group?
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an organization that engages in politics on behalf of its members
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4 reasons why we are near the top in terms of interest group membership.
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Religious Cleavages
Geographic Cleavages Rules of Game- Sep. of Powers, Fed'lism We have Weak parties |
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why would people not join interest groups, even if they sympathize with them?
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free rider problem- people won't pay entry fees, they just want the benefits.
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what are 3 incentives to join interest groups?
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Solidary-- social
Material Purposive-- goals of inst. |
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Insider group
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has direct point of access to the gov't
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what is lobbying?
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attempt to directly influence the decisions of gov't officials.
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what are 4 kinds of info taht lobbying provides for members of congress?
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give reasons for group's decision
tell how it can impact society member of congress constituency technical info |
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what is Grassroots lobbying?
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attempts to influence the decisions of gov't officials INDIRECTLY
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What are the 3 external factors that make interest groups more successful?
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Bigger opposition
More intense opposition Insider rather than OUtsider group. (ties to government) |
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what are 4 internal factors making an interest group more successful?
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Nature of goals-- more modest
Size of group- bigger Group cohesion-- more committment Wealth |
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what is a PAC ?
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speialized organizations who electioneer by raising, spending, and contributing campaign funds
"arms of interest groups" |
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what dramatically increased the # of PACs?
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the Federal Election Campaigns act
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What's the diff bt/w Connected and Non-Connected PACs?
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Connected pacs spend all their $ on the electoral concerns, b/c their operating expenses are paid by another PAC---
NonConnected pacs spend a lot of their money on own operating expenses |
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what are 3 advantages of PACs?
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Stimulate participation
Helps challengers Enhance interest articulation - >info to congress members |
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What are 3 Disadvantages of PACs?
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Incumbents get most of $$
Class bias Exhaust congrss members' time |
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What is an outsider group?
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groups that don't have direct points of access to the gov't. ex: criminal defense attorneys
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What are some strategies of outsider groups?
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file lawsuits
litigation amicus briefs protests |
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what are the 3 types of nomination processes?
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Convention/Caucus
Primary election Independent Route/Petition filed Primaries = most common |
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what is pluralism?
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theory stating all interests are made and should be free to compete for influence in the gov't.
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the following are all fnxs of what?
Recruiting candidates Nominations Getting out the vote facilitating mass elctrl choice influecing the nat'l gov't |
Political Parties.
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diff. bt/w open and closed primary.
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open primary- individuals can declare their party affiliation on the actual day of the election.
closed primaries : participation is limited to individuals who have previously declared their affiliation by registering w/ a party. |
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what are local party organizations taht controlled local politics thru patronage and control of nominations?
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Party machines
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