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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Public Opinion |
Aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs about certain issues or officials |
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Efficacy |
Extent to which people believe their actions can affect public affairs and the actions of government |
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Political Trust |
Extent to which people believe the government acts in their best interests |
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Random Sample |
Method of selection that gives everyone who might be selected to participate in a poll an equal chance to be included |
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Tracking Polls |
Polls that seek to gauge changes of opinion of the same sample size over aperiod of time, common during the closing months of presidential elections |
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Exit Poll |
Polls that survey a sample of voters immediately after exiting the voting booth to predict the outcome of the election before the ballots are officially counted |
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Push Polls |
Polls that are designed to manipulate the opinions of those being polled |
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Margins of Error |
percentage of error that could be within a political study |
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Non Attitudes |
Sources of error in public opinion polls in which individuals feel obliged to give opinions when they are unaware of the issue or have no opinions about it |
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Partisanship/Party Identification |
Psychological attachment to a political party |
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Political Ideology |
Set of coherentpolitical beliefs that offers a philosophyfor thinking about the scope ofgovernment |
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Liberals |
Individuals who have faith ingovernment to improve people’s lives,believing that private efforts areinsufficient. In the social sphere, liberals usually support diverse lifestyles and tend tooppose any government action that seeks to shape personal choices |
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Conservatives |
Individuals who distrust government, believing that private efforts aremore likely to improve people’s lives. In the social sphere, conservatives usually supporttraditional lifestyles and tend to believe that government can play a valuable role inshaping personal choices |
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Moderates |
Individuals who are in the middle ofthe ideological spectrum and do nothold consistently strong views aboutwhether government should be involved in people’s lives |
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Levels of Conceptualization |
Measure of how ideologically coherent individuals are in their politicalevaluations |
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Polarization |
Condition in which differencesbetween parties and/or the public are so stark that disagreement breaks out, fueling attacksand controversy |
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Gender Gap |
Differences in the political attitudes and behavior of menand women |
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Watchdog |
Role of the press in monitoring government actions |
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Hard News |
Political news coverage, traditionally found in the printed press, that is more fact-based, opposed to more interpretive narratives and commentary |
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Infotainment/Soft News |
News stories focused lesson facts and policies than on sensationalizing secondary issues or on less serious subjects of the entertainment world |
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Propaganda Model |
Extreme view of the media’srole in society, arguing that the press serves the interest of the government only, driving what the public thinks about important issues |
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Minimal Effects Model |
View of the media’s impact as marginal because most people seeknews reports to reinforce beliefs already held rather than to develop new ones |
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Selective Exposure |
Process whereby people secure information from sources that agree with them, thus reinforcing their beliefs. |
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Selective Perception |
Process whereby partisans interpret the same information differently |
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Not-so-minimal effects model |
View of the media’s impact assubstantial, occurring by agenda setting, framing, and priming |
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Agenda Setting |
Ability of the media to affect the way people view issues, people, or events by controlling which stories are shown and which are not |
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Priming |
Process whereby the media influence the criteria the public uses tomake decisions |
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Framing |
Ability of the media to influence public perception of issues by constructing the issue or discussion of a subject in a certain way |
