Pols 160X Unit 4 Ch.8

Front 1

Global threats to the natural environment are a growing source of ________ between the countries of the world.

Back 1

interdependece

Front 2

Common environmental assets are depleted or degraded through the failure of states to cooperate effectively in the __________.

Back 2

Tragedy of the Commons
(Fisheries)

Front 3

The splitting into private owned pieces on which a single owner would have an incentive to manage resources responsibly is called _______.

Back 3

Enclosure of the Commons

Front 4

Shared parts of the Earth such as oceans and outer space are called _______.

Back 4

Global Commons

Front 5

communities that structure the way states manage environmental issues are called __________ or knowlenge-based communities.

Back 5

Epistemic Communites

Front 6

Economic growth not depleting resources or destroying ecosystems so quickly that the basis of the economic growth itself is undermined is called _______.

Back 6

Sustainable Development

Front 7

Two problems with the atmosphere that are International Issues are the _________ and ________.

Back 7

depletion of the ozone layer,
global warming

Front 8

The slow, long-term rise in average world temperatures due to carbon dioxide emmissions is refered to as ________.

Back 8

Global Warming

Front 9

Oil, coal, and natural gas are all examples of ______.

Back 9

fossil fuels

Front 10

Carbon dioxide (2/3), methane, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrous oxide are all _______.

Back 10

greenhouse gasses

Front 11

The short-term costs for unpredictable results in long-term, industries bearing the costs, and the globally shared benefits extracted from each individual states are components of the _______ for reducing carbon emmissions.

Back 11

Triple dilemma

Front 12

___% of the world greenhouse gasses come from industrialized states (US 25%).

Back 12

80%

Front 13

U.S. carbon emmissions equal ___ tons/person/day which is twice the amount of _______ and eight times that of the _______.

Back 13

20, Europeans, Chinese

Front 14

The complex formula for reducing greenhouse emissions to 1990 levels in the North over a decade is refered to as the _______.

Back 14

Kyoto Protical of 1997

Front 15

Minus the U.S., 160 countries in 2001 agreed to implement the _______.

Back 15

Kyoto Protical

Front 16

The _________ monitors environmental conditions.

Back 16

UN Environmental Program (UNEP)

Front 17

A seasonal hole in the ozone layer has grown larger and lasted longer after each year over _______.

Back 17

Antarctica

Front 18

Consequences of ______ are more immediate and understood than those of global warming.

Back 18

ozone depletion

Front 19

The _______ on CFCs is the most important success yet achieved in international regulations to preserve the global environment.

Back 19

Montreal Protical

Front 20

The vast diversity of plant and animal species making up the earth's ecosystems is refered to as ______.

Back 20

Biodiversity

Front 21

The greatest cause of extinction is the loss of _______.

Back 21

habitat

Front 22

An IGO setting quotas for hunting certain whale species is ________.

Back 22

The International Whaling Commission

Front 23

Multilateral approaches to biodiversity are problematic because the disrupt _____.

Back 23

free trade.

Front 24

Half of the world's species live in _______.

Back 24

rain forests

Front 25

______ cover 70% of the world's surface.

Back 25

Oceans

Front 26

Non-territorial water are called ______.

Back 26

High Seas

Front 27

The ___________ governs the uses of the oceans and established rules on territorial waters.

Back 27

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Front 28

The _________ forbids military activity as well as presence of nuclear weapons or dumping of nuclear waste in Antarctica.

Back 28

Antarctic Treaty of 1959

Front 29

The effects of ______ are usually limited to the state when it occurs and it's close neighbors.

Back 29

Pollution

Front 30

_____ pollution and ______ cross borders.

Back 30

Water, acid rain

Front 31

The Soviet nuclear power plant melted down in ________.

Back 31

Chernobyl, Ukraine

Front 32

Commercial fuels powering world economies include:

Back 32

oil, natural gas, coal, hydroelectric and nuclear power.

Front 33

_______ count for 95% of the world's energy consumption.

Back 33

Fossil Fuels

Front 34

The _______ can be measured by the GDP produced/ unit of energy consumed.

Back 34

efficiency of energy use

Front 35

The Industrialized West are all _______ of energy.

Back 35

importers

Front 36

The most important form of energy due to its cheapness to transport is _____.

Back 36

oil

Front 37

The _____ there was an oil shock.

Back 37

1973

Front 38

Countries have reduced their vulnerability by stockpiling _______.

Back 38

strategic minerals

Front 39

____ of the world's population lack safe drinking water.

Back 39

1/5

Front 40

_______ are contributors to environmental degredation above those caused by economic activites such as mining and manufacturing.

Back 40

Military activites

Front 41

In 2007, the world's population was ___ growing 75 mil./year.

Back 41

6.6 billion

Front 42

Half of the world's growth in population happens in the 6 countries of:

Back 42

India, China, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Indonesia

Front 43

Higher statuses and literacy of _____ reduce population growth.

Back 43

women

Front 44

When deaths fall due to food and health care availability, Births fall due to education and security, Birth deaths stay the same and pop. is limited in growth are all a part the ________.

Back 44

Demographic Transition

Front 45

Most developing countries are in the middle of the demographic transition and have high _____.

Back 45

population growth rates

Front 46

Per capita income increases as ______ decreases.

Back 46

Population growth

Front 47

A government encouraging or forcing child-bearing and the outlawing of contreceptions is called _____.

Back 47

pronatalist

Front 48

According to the UNFPA, improving ________ is one of the most important means of controlling world population growth.

Back 48

women's statuses

Front 49

The proportion of babies who die within their first year and is reflection of a population's access to nutrition, water, shelter, and health care is referred to as ______.

Back 49

infant mortality rate

Front 50

AIDS spreads _______ and is on track to kill more than both world wars combined.

Back 50

internationally

Front 51

_____ people die from tobacco-related disease each year.

Back 51

5 million

Front 52

____ TV sets and ____ radio receivers are in the world.

Back 52

2 billion, 3 billion

Front 53

_______ are limited, in high demand, and are regulated by governments to be allocated to users.

Back 53

Frequencies

Front 54

______ and _____ are examples of two-way media through which users interact among themselves without any centralized information source.

Back 54

Telephone and Internet

Front 55

_______ make individuals international actors.

Back 55

Telephones

Front 56

More ______ makes it harder for governments and individuals states to hide.

Back 56

information

Front 57

Governments try to limit the amount of _______.

Back 57

unfavorable information

Front 58

U.S. government worries that terrorists could use the ______ to cause massive disruptions in U.S. economic life.

Back 58

internet

Front 59

Information is slowly undermining the idea of ________ and _________.

Back 59

State soverignty and territorial integrity

Front 60

Information increases _______.

Back 60

Transparency

Front 61

U.S. _____ influence is at least as strong as U.S. military influence.

Back 61

cultural