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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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individuals try to benefit from public goods without paying costs
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Free-rider problem
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A formally organized body of individuals, organizations, or enterprises that shares common goals and joins in a collective attempt to influence the electoral and policy-making processes.
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Interest group
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mentions issues and positions of public officials but does not formally endorse candidates
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Issue advocacy
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effort to influence policy by pressuring public officials
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lobbying
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legal entities that allow like minded individuals who belong to an organization to pool money to contribute to candidates
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political action committee
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benefits available only to group members as inducements to get them to join.
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selective benefit
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available only to group member as inducements to get the to join
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selective benefit
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have advantages, name regcognition which serves as a voting cue along with party affiliation, experience and ability to raise money.
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incumbents
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the assembling of an alliance of groups to pursue a common goal of interest
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coalition building.
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unequal representation of people living in different districts
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malapportionment
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keeps tally of votes
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roll call
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lawmakers become...
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bill sponsers
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only 20% of proposed
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bill
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fix
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amend
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where differences are settled
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conference committee
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practice in which a legislator will give a colleague a vote on a particular bill in return for that colleague’s vote on another bill to be considered later
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log rolling
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Legislature can ______ a veto with a supermajority
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override
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lawmakers include _______ projects.
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porkbarrel
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the work undertaken by legislators and their staffs in response to requests for help from constituents
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casework
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Modeled after Congress
Legislators needed time, staff, and pay |
Legislative Professionalism
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residents of a district
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constituents
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the result when there is no consensus on a policy change or spending amount but legislators find a central point on which a majority can agree
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compromise
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when individual legislators act as the voices of their constituencies within the House or Senate
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representation
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the powers explicitly granted to a governor according to state law
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Gubernatorial formal powers
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rules or regulations with the force of law that governors can create directly under the statutory authority given them
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Executive Orders
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Varies in two ways:
Are top executive-level officials separately elected? How far does civil service system reach into managerial positions in the bureaucracy? |
Appointment Powers
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the things a governor is able to do based on position, not formal authority
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Gubernational Informal Powers
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charting the course
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chief policy maker
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managing the bureauocracy
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chief administrator
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working well with others
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chief facilitator
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government used to hand out ____
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patronage job
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sends back to legislature
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amendatory veto
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a legislative vote of much more than a simple majority, e.g. 2/3 vote
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Supermajority
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power to reject a proposed law
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veto
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make policy, control the purse, oversee executive branch, and represent constituents
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State Legislature-job of
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on the other end of the spectrum
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citizen legislatures
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agencies must consider
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legislative intent
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the process in which the decision of a numerical majority is made binding on a group
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majority vote
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where differences are settled
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conference committee
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used to kill certain bills
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gatekeeping
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where bill is assigned
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standing committee
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43 governors have a line item veto over
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appropriations bill
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governor
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head of state
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that ability of a court to hear a case
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jurisdiction
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criminal cases in violation of the law
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criminal law
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involves disputes between private parties
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civil law
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a government official who conducts criminal cases on behalf of the people
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prosecutors
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a government lawyer who provides free legal services to those accused of a crime who cannot afford to hire a lawyer
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public defender
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a formal criminal charge
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indictment
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serious crime such as murder
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felony
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less serious crim such as shoplifting
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misdemeanor
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a mutual agreement between parties to end a case before going to court
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settlement
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first level of the court system; establish facts and apply the law
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trial court
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= an agreement in which the accused admits guilt, usually in exchange for a promise that a particular sentence will be imposed
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Plea Bargain
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a request to have a lower court’s decision in a case reviewed by a higher court
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appeal
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a group of people who determine guilt or innocence in a civil or criminal action
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jury
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Occurs when a jury returns a verdict of “not guilty” even though jurists believe the defendant is guilty
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nullification
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trials judged by a judge rather than a jury
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bench trial
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civil cases dealt with outside of court
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out of court settlement
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hears any civil or criminal cases that have not been assigned to a special court
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general jurisdiction
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hears cases that are statutorily limited by either the degree of seriousness or the types of parties involved
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limited jurisdiction
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error that effects the outcome of a case
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prejudicail error
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right to hear a case first
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original jurisdiction
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determines whether statute violates the constitution
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Judicial review
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judges can take themselves off cases
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recuse
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