Polity | Indian Constitution

Front 1

A 79

Back 1

(cub) composition of parliament ( p, ls, rs)

Front 2

article 80

Back 2

rs max strength of 250 (238 elected + 12 nominated)

Front 3

article 84

Back 3

qualification criteria for MOP

Front 4

article 102

Back 4

Disqualification criteria (either House)

Front 5

A105

Back 5

Powers, Privileges, Immunities etc. of the HOP, and of members and committees thereof

Front 6

A108

Back 6

Joint Seating of both the houses

Front 7

A111

Back 7

President give/not give assent
-Can return any bill except money bill

Front 8

a107

Back 8

Provision as to introduction and passing of bills

Front 9

24 th CAA

Back 9

President need to give assent to CA bill

Front 10

A110

Back 10

Definition of Money bills

Front 11

70 CAA . 1992

Back 11

SLA included in electoral college (presidential elec)

Front 12

A53

Back 12

President => HOS and Ist citizen

Front 13

A55

Back 13

Value calculation of votes of MP & MLA (Presi elec)

Front 14

A61

Back 14

President => impeach => violation of consti

Front 15

Part XV

Back 15

elections to Both houses of Parliament and both houses of State legislature

Front 16

A75 (3)

Back 16

COM enjoys majority in LS

Front 17

67(B)

Back 17

Resoultion for removal of VP - Simple majority in LS and effective majority in RS

Front 18

Whose removal by EM ?

Back 18

VP, SP, Deputy speaker of LS, Dy chairman RS

Front 19

249 (Special M)

Back 19

Rs => not less than 2/3 P&V => Parliament => Subject under state listfor period of not more than 1 year

Front 20

A 312 (Special Majority

Back 20

RS => Not less than 2/3 P&V => Parlia => AIS

Front 21

A 368 (Special M)

Back 21

a) 2/3 P&V

b) majority of TS of house

Where: =>

1) CAA (both separately) 2) Removal of Judge of SC & HC 3) Continunance of NE 4) Creation or Abolition of Legislative council (A169)

Front 22

A 61 (Special M)

Back 22

Stiffest majority under Consti - Impeachment of President (Either HOP => Intro (1/4 of TS) => Pass (2/3 of TS ) first house => Pass (2/3 of TS) second house => Presi impeached

Front 23

A50

Back 23

Separation of J from E (not E&L)

Front 24

Keshvananda Bharti Vs SOKerela 1973

Back 24

1) Basic Structure doctrine

2) SOP - BS

3) 24 th CAA => Conti Valid => CLP => not unlimited => BS

4) earlier part of 25 th CAA => Valid, but not later (as JR took)

Front 25

Kannadasan Vs SOTN 1996

Back 25

IC incorportates Doctrine of Checks and Balances on its own

Front 26

Other consti rights

Back 26

A265 (Not to be taxed without authority of law)

A308 (Rt to property)

A301 (Interstate trade and commerce)

A326 ( Adult franchise)

Front 27

3 FRs both against state and Indiv

Back 27

Untouchability

Exploitation

Freedom of movement

Front 28

Absolute FR

Back 28

Rt against untouchability

Front 29

Grounds for restrictions of FR

Back 29

S & TI + Security + FR + PO/M/D + Well Being SC/ST + Weaker section (W&C) + Defamation/COC

Front 30

A13

Back 30

JR of FR (explicity)

Front 31

A13(2)

Back 31

any "LAW" => one or more FR => Unconsti and Void

Front 32

Shankri prasad vs UOI, 1951

Back 32

U/A 368 => Parlia => OLP (Outside A 368 => fall within u/a 13(2) ) + CLP (under A 368 => Don't fall U/A 13(2) )

Front 33

1st CAA

Back 33

1) Changes to A19 & A31

2) introduce 9th schedule

Front 34

Golaknath Vs State of Punjab 1967

Back 34

Overruled => A368 only procedure not power => only OLP

Front 35

24th CAA, 1971

Back 35

1) Changed title of A368

2) Intro clause 3 in A368

3) Introduced A13 (4)

Front 36

What constitute BS

Back 36

Supremacy of consti + Sov. of I + Wel S + Secularism + D & R form + Parlia form + ROL + SOP + Balance b/w 3 organs + Balance B/W P3 and P4 + Fedralism + JR + Independence of J + F & F elec + FR (A14, 15, 19 & 21)

Front 37

42 CAA, 1976

Back 37

1) Intro class 4 (cannot be challanged) & 5 (unlimited) to A 368

2) Amend A31 (c) => DP > 3 FR (Wholesome)

Front 38

Minerva Mills vs UOI, 1980

Back 38

1) Struck down Clause 4 (JR) & 5 (Disturbed bOP b/w 3 organs)

2) Changes in A 31(C) by 42 CAA => Unconsti & Void (Balance B/w p3 & 4 distrubed)

Front 39

A 14-18

Back 39

Rt to Equality

Front 40

A19-22

Back 40

Rt to freedom

Front 41

A23-24

Back 41

Right against Exploitation

Front 42

A25-28

Back 42

Rt to religious Freedom

Front 43

A29-30

Back 43

Cultural and Educational Rights

Front 44

A32

Back 44

Rt to constitutional Remedies

Front 45

A15(1)

Back 45

Prohibits discrimination discrimination againsts citizens => grounds R, R, C, S or POB

Front 46

A15(2)

Back 46

FR to citizens to access public places
Enforceable both against state and indiv

Helps fight untouchability along A 17

Front 47

A15(3) (4) (5)

Back 47

Special favours for certain sections
No FR to citizens => Power to state => W, C & BC => Discretion

EPOL

Front 48

A 15(1) (2)

Back 48

Equality before law

Front 49

A15(3)

Back 49

Provisions for women and children (not "BY law")
Allows sex to be only ground

Front 50

A15 (4)

Back 50

By 1 st CAA, 1951

Special Provisions "by law" Socially and educationally backward classes (not private)

Front 51

A15 (5)

Back 51

by 93 rd CAA

Special provsisions for S&E backward => Reservations => BC => Education insti only (including pvt)

Front 52

A16

Back 52

FR => Citizens => against discrimination in Public employment =

Front 53

A16(1)

Back 53

equality of opp. to all citizens in PE

Front 54

A16 (2)

Back 54

Not discriminate => Grounds R, R, C, S, Desecent, POB, residence or any of them

Front 55

A16(1) & (2)

Back 55

FR against discrimination + obligation on state

EBL

Front 56

A16 (3) (4) (4A) (4B)

Back 56

No FR against on citizens

No FR of Reservations (only discretion)

no obligation on state

EPOL

Front 57

A16 (3)

Back 57

by law => Residence as sole ground for qualification

provisions under it Can't be permanent

Front 58

A16(4)

Back 58

Special Provsisions for BC of citizen in PE

Front 59

Indira Sawhney vs UOI , 1992 case

Back 59

Consti validity of R of seats

Consti requirements

economic backwardness cannot be ground

TN reservation policy (69%) => Unconsti & Void

Front 60

77 CAA, 1995

Back 60

A16 (4A) => Reservation of promotion for SC/ ST

Front 61

M Najraj Vs UOI, 2006

Back 61

Upheld consti validity of A16(4A)

3 consti requirements (1, 2, 5)

Front 62

117 th CAA bill, 2012

Back 62

amend A16(4A) => Nothing in A 16 (4) & A 335 shall prevent state from making special provsions in matter of PE for SC & ST

Front 63

81 CAA, 2000

Back 63

Introduce A 16(4B) => Vacancies remain separate

Front 64

IR Coeho & Others Vs So TN, 2007

Back 64

9th schedule is subject to JR

all enactments on or after 24 april 1973 (BS) => subjected to JR => Prior immunity

Front 65

State of AP vs P Murlidar rao & others, 2000 case

Back 65

HR consti valid

reasonable basis

Front 66

A17

Back 66

Abolishes Untouchability in all forms

Front 67

Untouchability (offences) Act, 1955

Back 67

not stringent enough
bailable offence + Name

Front 68

Civil rights (protection) Act, 1955

Back 68

Stringent

Front 69

A18

Back 69

Prohibits creation => artificail distinctions

promote social equality

Front 70

A18 (1)

Back 70

Prohibits state (not indivi) confer titles in nature of knight hood

Front 71

Balaji Raghavan VS UOI 1996

Back 71

Padma awards consti valid

States prohibited not indiv or private org

Front 72

A18 (2)

Back 72

Prohibits Indian citizen , titles from foreign states (not foreign awards)

Front 73

A18 (3)

Back 73

Prohibits foreigners (in service of gov) recieveing titles from state without conforming Presi

Front 74

A19 (1)

Back 74

6 FR (democratic rights) => essential

Citizens only

Automatically suspended during national emergency (war or external agression) | NE, ground armed rebellion (int emerg) => not auto matically but Presi can

Front 75

A19 (1) A

Back 75

Freedom of speech and expression

SC => in alienable adjunct to RTL (A21)

Composite right (express, choose, access, elections choice, negative vote-2013, political dissent)

Front 76

Grounds of Restriction for A19 (1) A

Back 76

Security, Sov, TI, FR, M , PO, D , general public, privacy, COC, Defamation

Front 77

A19 (1) B

Back 77

Assemble peacefully, without arms

Corollary (derived from A19 (1) A)

Same gounds of restriction

Front 78

A19 (1) C

Back 78

Associations, unions & cooperatives (97 CAA, 2011)

but not rt to strike (statutory)

Front 79

CPM vs Bharat Kumar 1998

Back 79

All Bandh's (Not strikes) illegal

Front 80

A33

Back 80

Parlia => by law => can restrict A19 (1) C, to SOS, L &O (P, N, A) => AF, Paramilitary, State police

even CS associted with these forcesdenied

Front 81

A19 (1) D

Back 81

FR to movement throughoutm only 1 (within) condition of 3 dimensions (within, abroad, return)

Similary restrictions

Front 82

A19 (1) E

Back 82

FR to reside and settle throughout (corollary)

Front 83

A 19 (1) g

Back 83

FR to avocation (choose)

State can take over

Not allowed (betting, gambling, lottery, liqour , M lending)

Front 84

A301

Back 84

interstate trade and commerce

Front 85

A 20

Back 85

all individuals => protection in respect of convictions

cannot be suspended during NE

3 protections (Post facto, double jeopardy, self incrimating evidence)

Front 86

A 20 (1)

Back 86

cannot make act as criminal offence with retrospective effect (only criminal leg.) => civil leg. can be give retrospective effect

Front 87

A 20 (2)

Back 87

no punsih for same offence twice => only against criminal courts not civil courts and non judical bodies

Front 88

A 20 (3)

Back 88

cannot be compelled to witness against himself

Police => can't compel => confection statement => can't use in COl => volunatry before JM ok

Not prohibit police => Can compelling for sign, sample, DNA...

Front 89

Sehivs vs SO Karnataka, 2010

Back 89

Polygraph, Brain mapping, Nacro Analysis => Unconsti and Void (violative of A20 (3) & Rt to privacy under A21)

Front 90

A21

Back 90

All individuals => Rt to life and personal liberty

(cannot take => without PEBL)

Largest inferred rights

right central

backbone of P3 & P4

Front 91

Rights under A 21

Back 91

primary education

privacy

leisure

cruel punsihment

handcuffing

solitary confinement

delayed execution

denial of wages

arbitary dismissal

abroad and return

clean & liveable eniv

livelihood

corruption free admin

Front 92

Menaka Gandhi vs UOI, 1978

Back 92

A21 => liberaly and widely interpreted

Inherently principles of NJ (under A 21 & 14) => basic structure

Doctrine of Due process of Law

Front 93

Rathirum vs UOI, 1994

Back 93

Rt to life also conferred right to die

Sec 309 as unconsti and void (sucide criminalize)

Front 94

Gyan Kaur vs SOP, 1996 case

Back 94

over ruled , NO FR to Die

309 got revived

Front 95

Aruna Shanbhag vs UOI, 2011 case

Back 95

Passive ethunasia may be allowed case to basis => Team of expert doctors (P, P , N) + relatives bonafide => bench of HC (not less than 2 judges)

not without legal judicial concern

Recco. => repeal 309

Front 96

A21 A

Back 96

all children (6-14) => free and compulsory education

Front 97

Unnikrishnanan vs Sof AP,1993

Back 97

RTE as FR under A 21

Front 98

86th CAA

Back 98

1) A21 A

2) Amend A45 (early childhood care upto 6 years)

3) 11th FD U/A 51 A => duty of parents/G => 6-14

Front 99

RTE, ACT 2009

Back 99

1) F&C E (6-14) - age appropriate

2) Not deny admin due to documents

3) Universal enrollment + complete 8 yrs

4) all pvt. (not minority EI) atleast 25% from weaker sections => state bear expense

Front 100

National Commission For protection of rights

Back 100

monitor RTE implementation

Front 101

A22

Back 101

Proetction against arrested dentention

Not FR against Arrest

Protections (without informing, not merly on suspision, women, legal practioner, JM, not beyond)

not to enemy areas + preventive dentetion

Front 102

Protections to PD under A22

Back 102

1) beyond 3 months => approve by advisory board (HC + 2 retired HC)

2) Inform ground

3) allow present the case asap

Front 103

A23 (1)

Back 103

Prohibits trafficking in HB, Begar and other forms forced labour

Front 104

A23 (2)

Back 104

exception to A 23(1)

froce in public interest but don't show discrimination on grounds ( R, R, C, Class, or any of them)

Front 105

A24

Back 105

Prohibits employment of children (below 14 years) in hazardous industries not in non hazardous

Front 106

Child Labour (P&R) Act, 1986

Back 106

14 industries as hazardous

Front 107

Child Labour (P&R) Act, 1986
2010 amendment

Back 107

Prohibit => below 14 yrs => household industries

Front 108

A 25 (1)

Back 108

FR to religion to all individuals

includes ( C, PPP)

Front 109

Ruerran Father Stannes law vs State of MP, 1977 case

Back 109

Propogate (explain) cannot be question

doesnot confer FR to convert other

Front 110

A26

Back 110

Rt of religious denomination

includes (establish and maintain,manage, acquire, own - manage property)

reasonable restrictions => grounds (PO & M & Health)

Front 111

A 27

Back 111

prohibits tax levy + collection + can't use promo particular religion

Truley spells out secular charater of state

can patronize all religion equally

Front 112

A 28

Back 112

Religious teachings

4 cat of EI ( Whole O&M, Private aid, private recog, adim - E or Charitable)

1 - not | 2&3 - can but not compulsory | 4 - compulsory

Front 113

A29 (1)

Back 113

Rt to conserve distict language, culture script

both religious and lingustic comm.

importance of composite culture

Front 114

A 29 (2)

Back 114

No citizen deny admin => EI => wholly and partially or aid => grounds (R, R, C, Language or any of them)

Front 115

A 30

Back 115

Right of minority community

religious and liguistic minority (Not racial or ethinical minority)

Front 116

A 30(1)

Back 116

Rt of MC estabish and aminister EI

Front 117

A 30 (1A)

Back 117

Rt to property as FR to min. comm

state can over take => due compensation

Front 118

A 15 (5)

Back 118

Reservation policy of govt. not applicable to M EI

Front 119

St. Stephan Colleges vs DU 1992

Back 119

MEI => can reserved upto 50 % of seats

Front 120

TMA pai vs SoKar 2002

Back 120

unaided => free to follow adim policy

Front 121

A 350

Back 121

Special directives

any language redressal

Front 122

A 350 A

Back 122

Provision for instruction in mother tounge at primary level

Front 123

A 350 B

Back 123

President => special officer for lingustic minorities

Front 124

A 32 (1)

Back 124

FR to all individuals => approach directly to SC (FR violation)

Front 125

A 39 (b)

Back 125

Material resources => benefit all sections

Front 126

A 39 (c)

Back 126

Not wealth in fewer hands

Front 127

A37

Back 127

DP are not enforceable in COL

Front 128

25 th CAA, 1971

Back 128

intro A31 (C) => 2 DP > 3 FR

Front 129

44 CAA 1978

Back 129

removed A 31 from FR

Front 130

A 325

Back 130

Universal Suffrage
shall not be dinied => grounds ( R, R, C, S or any of them)

prohibits communal electoral rolls

Front 131

A 326

Back 131

Adult suffarage (not less than 18 + not disqualified by law on grounds non residence, unsound mind,crime, corrupt practices)

Front 132

A 327

Back 132

Power of Parlia => by law regulate => elec to HOP + SL + elec roll prep + Delimitaion

Front 133

RPA 1950 & 1951

Back 133

regulates elec roll prep to HOP + SLA elec

Front 134

A 326

Back 134

Power on state to regulate all elec to SLA provided parlia has not done so

Front 135

A 329 (a)

Back 135

Prohibits courts from interfering in delimitation

Front 136

A 329 (b)

Back 136

no elec to HOP or SLA shall be questioned except in manner as provided by law

Front 137

RPA 1951

Back 137

ELection petition after dec of results

Front 138

A 324 (2)

Back 138

EC => 1 CEC + ECs. as per president

Front 139

EC Condition of services of ECs & TOB Act 1991

Back 139

multimember EC

Front 140

A 324 (4)

Back 140

President => appoint RECs on advice of Elec comm. on eve of general elec to LS or LA, biennial elc to LC but not for RS elec

Front 141

73rd & 74 th CAA 1992

Back 141

1) SEC (constitutional body)

Front 142

A 324 (1)

Back 142

Power on EC => S,D,Control of elec roll + S, D, C, Conduct of all elec to HOP + Both SLA + Presi + VP

Front 143

Kaniya lal omar vs RK Trivedi 1985

Back 143

COnsti valid of elec symbol order => liberally and widely => restrictions => reserviour

Front 144

Repower of EC 2002 case

Back 144

Elec => exclusive domain of EC

Front 145

UOI vs Association for democratic reform 2002

Back 145

Candidates disclose

Front 146

Ramesh dalal vs UOI 2005

Back 146

Member of Leg. form contesting elec if stands Convicted in COl

Front 147

Lily Thomas vs UOI 2013

Back 147

Disqualification U/A A 101 (3) - MP & U/A 190 (3) SL=> automatic + immediate

Front 148

PU for CL vs UOI 2013

Back 148

Voter enjoy right to negative vote (A19(1) (1) read with A 21) => EC => Nota

Front 149

PIL forum vs UOI 2014

Back 149

Trial courts => of MOP & SLA => within year

Front 150

92 CAA

Back 150

add of 4 languages to 8th schedule => 22 languages

Front 151

5 th schedule

Back 151

admin and control of schedule areas

Front 152

A81

Back 152

Max strength of LS => 550

Front 153

A352 (8)

Back 153

1/10 th LS member => writing => disapproving NE => special session within 14 days

Front 154

A81. 82, 170

Back 154

Periodic delimitation of LS & LA

Front 155

Delimitation excercise

Back 155

1952/61/72/2002

Front 156

A121

Back 156

no discussion on conduct of Judge (SC/HC) except for motion seeking its removal