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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Normative?
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Its when Public Opinion influences what government does in a democracy.
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What is empirical?
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Its when many people behave as though public opinion matters and thus the measures records and reactions to public are a factor in politics.
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Idea of Democratic Citizen
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the virtuous citizen is activated by concern for the common good. Recognizes that democracy comes with obligations as well as rights.
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Apolitical, self-interested actors
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inattentive and ill informed politically intolerant and origin Unlikely to get involved in political life.
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What is a horse race poll?
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it asks about voting intentions in an effort to add drama to the campaign.... everything becomes a reaction to voter intentions.
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How are Americans uniformed?
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They dont know who to thank or hold accountable. They know their president and 25% know their senators of their state. only 16% know their chief justice prior to the gore bush controversy
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What are the Five agents of Political Socialization?
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1 Family: Chief Agent of Socialization, Especially in terms of party identification.
2 Schools: Citizenship and Practices 3 Churches, Neighbors, and Workplaces: self selection and reinforcement of beliefs. 4 Peer-Groups: Conformity and the Influenticas 5 Major Events: Every generations has defining moments and subsequent effects. |
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Education in relation to public opinion?
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Higher levels of education tend to correlate with tolerance and active citizens.
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Age in relation to public opinion?
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Supposedly opinions on issues and ideology doesnt change much, but engagement does
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Gender in relation to public opinion?
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the gender gap and the marriage gap are statistically significant.
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Gender Gap?
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as women attained greater independence and education, the gap in participation has disappeared and the gap in ideology has grown, women tend to be more liberal.
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Marriage Gap
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Women who are married or widowed tend to be more ideologically conservative.
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Race and Ethnicity
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the differences are not consistent, but are drastic on certain issues.
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What is a sample bias?
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using a sample that over represents a portion of the population thus leading to errors in results and skewed information.
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Is 1000-2000 representative to 300 million?
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Yes, only if they are randomly drawn and representative.
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What is sampling error?
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Number that indicates reliability; 95 percent chance that results is within 4.5 percent.
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How can a self-selection be representative?
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Crowdsourcing
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Push polls
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present praise or negative information often in hypothetical form and ask respondents to react to it, therefore manipulate public opinion.
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Technology for polls
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computers, phones, cell phones, auto dialing
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what are some of the major challenges in technology?
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Internet can be good or bad, and people are more responsive but samples can be biased and self selected. Cell phones are more difficult to contact
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How has technology effected poll accuracy?
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Generally very accurate right in every presidential elections since 1980. except 2000 bush vs. gore..... but recent struggles.
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how does online processing affect public opinion?
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we are very capable of receiving and evaluating information as it comes, but we often forget the reasons for our opinions and evaluations... leads to weal opinions
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What is the two step flow of information>
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we trust the opinion leaders and influential to filter information and be experts for us. 10& tell tell the 90% what to do.
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How does age and gender affect voting?
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Age- likelyhood increase with age, 18-29 has only exceeded 50%in 3 elections, and the age gap is 40%
Gender: women vote more then men |
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how do education and race effect voting?
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Education- more educated the higher voting rate
Race- Minorties tend to vote less, but slowly changing |
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What are the legal obstacles that affect voting?
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registration laws
voter fatigue limited access to vote by mail voting on Tuesdays limits turnout intentional or accidental voter id issues |
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#22 answer A
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#22 answer A
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what is the amount you can donate to a federal election?
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2500 dollers
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what to consider when choosing a candidate: partisanship and social group membership
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Party affiliations is the largest factor
we like candidates who look like us mitt romeny and the moron question- 29% |
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Ethnicity when choosing canidates
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ethnicity is less clear tho, there are some tendacies, and a battle for votes.
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When women cross the party lines wich direction do they go?
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They are one directional, republican women vote for female democrats, but democrat women will not vote for republican women.
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What is prospective voting?
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voters base their decisions on policies and positions they believe will be enacted and supported by their candidate in the future.
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What is Retrospective voting?
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voters base their decisions on the state of currents events and hold those in power accountable- clinton and the economy, regan and are you better-
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What make the Canidates
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image
slogans promises 30 second commercials etc |
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What is the pre-Primary season?
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The invisable primary, where politicians gather early support, collect money, and spread rummors in media and visit iowa.
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What are party caucus?
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party members meet and discuss debate and then vote for a nominee
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Open primary
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any voter can vote in any primary regardless of party affiliation
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Closed primary?
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Only voters registered with the associated party affiliation may vote in that partys primary
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What a convention
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choice of the vice president
motivate the base formalize the selection establish the next leaders and front runners |
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Electoral college
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270 to win, winner take all except maine and nebraska
large states get the attention |
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It takes an army, but the end of the day, staff exists to manage 3 resources, time people and money
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time is most important.
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Valence Issues
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issues on which we all agree... strong economy
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position issues
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issues with 2 sides that candidates try to push a wedge in voters... abortion and militarty
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wedge issues
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issues which drive a wedge within a party, republican being pro choice
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Famous comerical ever is?
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Girl with explosion- daisy girl linden johnson
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What are the changes in sources of information?
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newspaper- decrease
television- stay the same radio- decrease internet- increase |
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Why has the radio fallen in use
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they started out big with their personal nature and rapid info, but their is no 11000 stations causing a splintered market, ipods and xm and serious radio
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why are televisions so used?
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98% of houses have tvs
40% have 3 or more with growth of cable many stations and programs new focus on politics exclusively |
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Growth of media independence
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the problem with bias is an inherent limitation on readership.....you eventually allienate someone
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Corperate power in media
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every major news source is now owned by a coperate conglomerate and advertising provides 5x the revenue that circulation does and allows adervitzers reach more people
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Four consequences of coperate media
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comercial bias
reduced political news to keep larger audiences and ad $$ infotainment- commericals on news conflict of interests |
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How is the broadcast media regualted?
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equal time rule: all candidates have to be allowed to buy or use airtime if one is allowed
right of rebuttal: individuals who have reputation damaged on the air have a right to respond |
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racist media?
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85% are white
and 67% and male they are also more liberal |
