Politics In The Environment

Front 1

Ecological Modernization

Back 1

Sustainable economic development; solution to environmental problems=modernization, the idea the economic growth can be compatible with environmental protection; focus on production side of economy…producers should make things more sustainably because environmental problems are engineering problems.

Front 2

Deep ecology/Ecocentrism-

Back 2

interdependent nature of human and non-human life, intrinsic value of the environment, earth first, nature centered in contrast to human centered philosophies.

Front 3

Social Ecology

Back 3

heirarchies/classes and domination/inequality affect human behavior on the natural world, roots of environmental problems are features of social organization, social problems/injustice=environmental degradation

Front 4

Ecological Intervention

Back 4

multilateral intervention to deal with environmental emergencies with major transboundary spill-over effects

Front 5

Green Party Politics

Back 5

the idea that green politics/green parties challenges what states do, but it is hard for green parties to adapt to fit into state governance; hard to translate green politics into governing.

Front 6

Ecofeminism

Back 6

domination of natural world by humans (cause of environmental degradation) should be viewed the same way as men dominating women, need to sever association: nature should not be correlated with femininity/dominated group

Front 7

Natural Capital Idea

Back 7

-resource wealth example: oil reserves, forests; argue prosperity of progress is limited by declines in natural capital, technology can help use resources more efficiently but limit is on natural capital.

Front 8

Generations of Environmental Justice Activism:

Back 8

1. First generation-not in my back yard focused on inequality and civil rights.
2. Second generation-evolution to production of waste, not in anyone’s back yard, focus on reducing supply of waste.
3. Third generation-international, exporting waste to poor countries.

Front 9

Bioregionalism

Back 9

-re-drawing political boundaries around bio-regions; location of government matters because bio-regions would be smaller and policies more effective, less likely for citizens to be ignorant/ignore problems in their own back yard.

Front 10

Environmental Justice

Back 10

refers to the spatial distribution of burdens and benefits of environmental problems to groups of racial minorities or residents of economically disadvantaged areas or residents of developing nations.

Front 11

NIMBY

Back 11

Not In My Back Yard; used to describe opposition of residents to a proposal for a new development close to them, for example building an airport near a neighborhood where residents may oppose it because of the objections to noise, pollution, and traffic it will generate.

Front 12

Ecological Citizenship

Back 12

applying citizenship virtues to the obligations of a sustainable environment, everyday citizens are meaningful stakeholders, requires mobilization/identification from citizen.

Front 13

Radical Environmentalism

Back 13

refers to a extreme environmental activism, disconnected with traditional conservation policy and attempt to take direct action in defense of the earth, ecocentrism based; classified as being iconoclastic, uncompromising, and at times illegal.

Front 14

Transnational Eco-activism

Back 14

environmental activism that goes beyond nation-state borders; international activist groups like green peace.

Front 15

Securitization

Back 15

framing environmental issues as security issues to get momentum/mobilization; accepting environmental issues as security issues; social construction, only when people recognize conditions as security issues; declare something as a threat, priority issue, emergency measures.

Front 16

Issue Networks

Back 16

Informal groups of non-governmental organizations that share information and help each other to combat problems and policies.

Front 17

Sustainable Development

Back 17

requires meeting the basic needs of all and extending to all the opportunity to fulfil their aspirations for a better life (no poverty); requires new era of economic growth for developing nations and fair share of resources, equity, and citizen participation; requires affluent citizens to adopt life-styles within the planet’s ecological means.