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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many supreme court justices does it take for a cert pet (hearing a case)?
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4 Justices
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Strict Constructionism
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Reading the constitution as literally as possible.
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Who has jurisdiction when there is a question about a constitutional issue
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Federal Court
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T/F Most supreme court members are of the same party as the president
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True
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How many votes does it take from the senate and house to override the president?
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2/3
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Party goals are...
Interest group goals are... |
broad (parties)
narrow (interest groups) |
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What are the components of the Double Expectation Gap?
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--The promise the President makes vs. the power the President has
--Head of state vs. head of political party (the President has dual roles) |
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What are the four different kinds of representation?
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Policy, Allocative, Casework and Symbolic
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What is an Amicus Brief?
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When an interest group writes to a court to get something appealed.
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T/F The bulk of interest groups are involved in providing information
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True
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What is a Free Ride?
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Getting the benefit of gain without having to do anything. Mostly in interest groups, one member will get the gain of the group retrieving something simply because they are involved, but really they don’t do much to help out.
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What is the perceptual lens on party ID’s?
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You see things through partisan colored glasses.
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What are the three parts of a political party?
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--Party in Organization: Raising money and recruiting candidates.
--Party in Government: The elected officials of the party --Party in the Electorate: The people who identify and vote with that party or not. |
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What is Symbolic Representation?
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The efforts to stand for political goals.
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How many votes does it take in the Senate to stop a Filibuster?
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60 votes
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What is a Filibuster?
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A Filibuster is when a Senator talks about a bill on the floor for so long and tries to block a bill by doing so.
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What is Cloture?
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Cloture is when 60 senators vote against the person holding a filibuster and continue to move on from that point.
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In a Conditional Party Government, what two conditions must be bad for Congress to take action?
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Internal Homogeneity and External Heterogeneity
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What is Gerrymandering?
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Attempting to use the process of redrawing district boundaries to benefit a political party, protect incumbents or change the proportion of minority voters in a district.
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Where is the rules committee most important?
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In the House Of Representatives
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Who is the speaker of the house?
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Nancy Pelosi from Cali
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What are the two main functions of Parties?
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--Electioneering (Part that is in charge of elections)
--Governing (The part that takes action and runs the party) |
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When a bill becomes a law, where do the most important steps take place/start?
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In committees
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Who basically has the last say for court decisions?
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Supreme Court
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Which is more polarized between PIE and PIG (party in electorate vs. party in government)?
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PIG
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In 2008, how many % if incumbents were reelected to the House of Representatives?
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92%
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What is the relation between interest groups and buying legislators votes?
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o Interest groups RARELY buy legislators votes because they are single issue groups and are set in their ways.
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What year of the President’s term do the members of Congress lose the most seats?
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6th
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What are Fred Greenstein’s 6 factors to understanding successful presidents?
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Erica Isn't Very Politically Skilled Partly Cuz Orangatangs Can Circle Sara
Emotional Intelligence, Vision, Political Skill, Public Communication, Organizational Capacity, Cognitive Style |
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From the 1830’s to today, Justin Bryer argues that this has happened to the Supreme Court:
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The courts decisions have become institutionalized.
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What is the name of the committee that has Congress and Senate write the final bill on an issue?
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The Conference Committee
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If bargaining with Congress fails, ___________ would take the case to the public.
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The President
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What is direct lobbying?
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Specifically calling a representative and making a personal attempt to persuade them on an issue.
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Where is it better to have majority, the House or the Senate?
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The House
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What is a signing statement?
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A document issued by the President when signing a bill into law explaining his interpretations of the law, which often differs from the interpretation of Congress, in an attempt to influence how the law will be implemented.
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What is the newest cabinet level of office?
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DHS (Department of Home and Security)
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When did people start looking to the President to solve America’s problems?
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After FDR and his campaign of promising to help fix America.
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According to James David Barber, what is the worst kind of President you could be?
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Active Negative. (Barber’s example was President Nixon)
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The Chamber of Commerce and the United Auto Workers are examples of what kind of interest groups?
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Economic
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Going public does NOT work when the President wants to change the public’s mind. It only works when they already agree with him
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He wants to make a powerful statement.
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Do most people want more or less discussion within Congress?
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More.
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What are the three reasons people’s expectation of congressional debate are unrealistic?
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--People don’t like conflict.
--People want to keep tabs on our leaders if they can. --People want Congress to stay out of the public, they don’t want to see it. |
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Public _______of Congress but ________ of their Congressperson.
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Disapproves; Approves.
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What is the trend of American Presidents and the public?
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They are very popular when they are elected, and much less popular when they leave office.
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What are the two major dimensions of Barber’s Presidential Scale?
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--Positive/Negative (Life)
--Active/Passive (Energy) |
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Why are the time horizons of members of the house and members of the senate different?
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Because members of the house are elected every 2 years and senators are elected every 6 years.
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Are Senators more responsive towards public opinion towards the beginning or end of their term?
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End.
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Who tends to get the most interest group donations?
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Majority Party (Democrats today)
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What is Richard Nuestadt’s Presidential Persuasion?
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Bargaining
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Who are the 9 Supreme Court Justices?
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"SOme RObbers ALways BRing GIn To Kansas STate's SCreenings"
Sotomayor Roberts Alito Breyer Ginnsburg Thomas Kennedy Scalia Stevens |
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What is the classic model of Presidential Power all about?
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The Power To Persuade
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Interest groups can buy the amount of effort legislators put into a particular bill....
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But they can not buy their opinion. (Just the amount of people)
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Who is the plaintiff?
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The person in the court who brings the case.
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Who is the defendent?
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The person in the court who is being sued or charged with a crime.
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What is the verdict?
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The outcome of a court case after a jury has decided it.
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What is plea bargaining?
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The process of when a case gets settled before taking it to court. (agreeing on a settlement before going to a judge)
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What is the standard of proof?
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The amount of evidence needed to detemine the outcome of a case. The standard is higher in a criminal case than in a civil one.
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What is the burden of proof?
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The resonsibility of having to prove guilt; it rests with the plaintiff in criminal cases but could be with either party in a civil trial.
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What is an adversarial court system?
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A two sided court structure where lawyers on both sides of a case attempt to prove their argument over their opponent's version of the case.
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What is common law?
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Law based on the precedent of previous court rulings rather than on legislatrion. It is used in all federal courts and fortynine of the fifty state courts.
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What is a precedent?
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A previously decided case or set od decisions that serves as a guide for future cases on the same topic.
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Before bringing a case to court, the person must have standing... which is?
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The individual must have suffered some direct and personal harm from the action that was being addressed in the court case.
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What is jurisdiction?
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A general characteristic of the legal court that states that when going to court and filing a case, you must go to the appropriate court for them to hear you. (accident/speeding ticket = traffic court, etc...)
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What are the constitutional courts?
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Supreme Court, District Courts, Appeals Courts
All established under Article III of Constitution |
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What are the legislative courts?
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Limited jurisdiction courts established under Article I of Constitution that handle "tribunals inferior to Supreme Court"
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What are the five different means of selecting STATE LEVEL judges?
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1. Appointment by the governor (two states)
2. Appointment by the state legislature (two states) 3. Partisan Elections (nine states) 4. Nonpartisan Elections (17 states) 5. Missouri Plan (governor makes appointments from a list that has been compiled by a nonpartisan screening committee) |
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How are Federal Judges nominated?
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The President nominates Federal Judges with the advice and consent of the Senate.
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What is the Bureacracy?
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The system of civil servants and political appointees who implement congressional or presidential decisions; also known as the administrative state.
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What is the task of the Bureaucracy?
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To implement policies steablished by congressional acts or presidential decisions. (they don't have a say in making laws but they have to make sure they are carried out and implemented)
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Bureaucrats essentially decide..
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Who gets what, when and how.
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What is a regulation?
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A rule made by government that restricts individuals or corporations by restricting certain behaviors.
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What are street level bureaucrats?
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Acengy employees who directly provide services to the public, such as those who provide job training services.
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What is the principal/agent game?
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The interaction between the president or congress and a bureaucrat, who is responsible for carrying out their orders.
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What was the federal civil service?
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The system that stated that bureaucrats would be hired on the basis of merit rather than political connections.
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Why do people dislike the bureaucrats?
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People tend to be more positive about things they are familiar with. Not a lot of people are familiar with the bureaucrats, but if they are, they are more likely to say better things. Since not a lot of people are personally connected to them, they automatically complain about it despite their lack of knowledge.
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Describe the new "Imperialism Presidency"
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President is selectively reading the constituion and grabbing power for themselves wtihout worrying about congress influence (Andrew Rudalevige)
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Name of resolution allowing President to committ military troops without a declaration of war from Congress?
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War Powers
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