Political Science Test. Ch. 1-7

Front 1

Political Efficacy

Back 1

ability to influence government and politics

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Citizen definition

Back 2

an active and informed member of society

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3 aspects of a citizen

Back 3

knowledge of government, politics, and democratic principles

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political culture

Back 4

shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how a government should function

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pluralism

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theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government.

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outcome of pluralism

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compromise and moderation

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first continental congress (1774)

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-assembly of delegates from all parts of country
-called for total boycott of British goods
-considered possibility of independence from Brit ruke

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2nd continental congress (1776)

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-committee consisted of Jefferson, Franklin, Sherman, Adams, and Livingston
-Declaration of Independence written by T. Jefferson

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Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union (1777)

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First written constitution

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5 groups of society in colonial politics

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* The New England merchants
* The Southern planters
* The Royalists
* Shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers
* Small farmers

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Federalist stance

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favored a strong national government and supported ratification of the Constitution.

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anti-federalists stance

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-opposed the Constitution because they feared that a strong national government would revert to tyranny
-favored a decentralized or state-based government.

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federalist papers

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-supported the Constitution
-written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay under the name “Publius

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what did the anti-federalists argue against national gov?

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-Nation too large to effectively represent
-states are more suitable
-feared tyranny of elite
-feared constitution would not limit power of gov enough so pushed for Bill of Rights

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what did the federalist argue in support of national gov?

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-having a large, indirect democracy would prevent tyranny of the majority by having a large, diverse country from which we would elect wise leaders.
-Feared Tyranny of the majority
-separation of powers would limit power of gov

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Great Compromise

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agreement that House of Reps would be apportioned according to size of state(addressed concerns of large states), and Senate would have equal representation (addressed concerns of small states)

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3/5 Compromise

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every slave counted as 3/5ths of a person

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separation of powers

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the division among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making

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federalism def

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power is divided by a constitution b/w a central gov. and regional (state) govs

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supremacy clause

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having a large, indirect democracy would prevent tyranny of the majority by having a large, diverse country from which we would elect wise leaders.

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McCulloch v. Maryland

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-involved whether Congress had power to charter a national bank
-Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers based on the “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution.

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preemption

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the principle that allows the national gov. to override state or local actions in certain policy areas

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bill or rights

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first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791, ensured certain rights and liberties to the people

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Lemon test

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gov. aid to religious schools ok if it
-must have secular purpose
-primary effect not to advance or inhibit religion
-must not entangle gov. excessively with religion

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Speech Plus

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-following speech w/ physical activity such as picketing, sit-ins, and demonstrations, etc.
-protected under 1st amendment but is conditional

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right to privacy

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the right to be let alone, which has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to entail a free access to birth control and abortions

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Seneca Falls Convention

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-organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
-300 delegates to discuss and formulate plans to advance political and social rights of women
-Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
-call for right to vote
-attended by Frederick Douglass

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Plessy v. Ferguson

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-involved Louisiana statute that required segregation of races on trolley's and other public carriers
-established "separate but equal" rule

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19th amendment

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-ratified in 1920
-gave women right to vote

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brown v. board of education

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-Linda Brown
-Ruled out separate but equal
-states no longer had power to use race as a criterion of discrimination
-gave national gov. power to intervene with strict regulatory policies against discriminatory actions of state or local governments, etc. (161)

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Lawrence v. Texas

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gave gays and lesbians right to privacy but did not undo exclusions that deprive them of full civil rights

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public opinion

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citizens attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events

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political ideology

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-a cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government
-set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs through which we come to understand and interpret politics

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2 main political ideologies in America & political ideology aspects

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liberalism and conservatism

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liberal

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-equality is core value
-implies support for political and social reform; extensive government intervention in the economy; the expansion of federal social services; and more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor, minorities, and women.
-tend to mistrust police power and government intervention in social issues;often support rights of the accused and oppose government involvement in regulating personal issues such as abortion-rights and gay

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conservative

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-liberty is core value
-support the social and economic status quo and are suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulae and economic arrangements
-strongly against government regulation of business, but tend to favor government intervention in promoting social values, such as government-sponsored school prayer, school uniforms and laws banning abortion and gay marriage.

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what is american radio and TV regulated by?

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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)