Political Science Test 3

Front 1

The Framers believed single-house legislative bodies..

Back 1

were prone to rash action

Front 2

Powers of the federal government specifically mentioned in the Constitution are known as..

Back 2

enumerated powers

Front 3

The Constitution originally called for election of senators by

Back 3

one-third

Front 4

What describes a characteristic of the Senate, as opposed to the House of Representatives?

Back 4

gives advice and consent to the president on treaties

Front 5

According to the trustee model of representation, representatives should..

Back 5

use their own judgments on political issues

Front 6

The House of Representatives is most likely to use a ______ representative style.

Back 6

delegate

Front 7

Who does the filibuster benefit?

Back 7

no one, no one benefits from a filibuster it harms everyone

Front 8

Legislative oversight involves

Back 8

keeping an eye on how the executives branch carries out the provisions of congressional statues

Front 9

The constitutional presiding officer of the senate is the

Back 9

president pro tempore, vice-president

Front 10

Members of Congress do most of their work

Back 10

in committees and subcommittees

Front 11

What is a standing committee?

Back 11

a permanent committee

Front 12

Between 1994-2006 congressional elections, the republicans control the house of representatives. Thus,

Back 12

all chairmanships of standing committees were republicans

Front 13

most oversight, hearings, and markups of bills takes place

Back 13

in subcommittees

Front 14

select committees are

Back 14

temporary committees

Front 15

A norm of congress in which members defer to the judgment of specialists is called

Back 15

reciprocity

Front 16

A legislative proposal in congress designated with "H.R." or "S." would mean it was a

Back 16

bill

Front 17

The Constitution

Back 17

is vague on what presidents are supposed to do

Front 18

The presidents of the nineteenth century

Back 18

for the most part conformed to the designs of the founders

Front 19

What titles is given to the role of the president as a symbol of national authority and unity?

Back 19

Chief Executive

Front 20

Ceremonial responsibilities of the president are particularly useful in that they

Back 20

add to their prestige and standing with other government officials and the public

Front 21

Presidents typically outline their yearly legislative agendas with

Back 21

the State of the Union Address

Front 22

The commander in chief of the U.S. armed forces is the

Back 22

President

Front 23

What is the title of the official who usually briefs the president each day on foreign policy matters and frequently clashes with the secretary of state?

Back 23

national security advisor

Front 24

The most important organization in the Executive office of the president is

Back 24

the office of management and budget or white house(lecture)

Front 25

________, while a visible symbol of the executive branch, has met rarely recently and is seldom relied upon to make policy.

Back 25

The Cabinet

Front 26

The authors of the Constitution created a system in which the president and Congress are often at odds, which is a ____________ fact of American politics.

Back 26

structural

Front 27

According to the original Constitution, presidents were to be chosen

Back 27

by electors who were appointed by state legislatures

Front 28

What phrase best characterizes government bureaucracy in the United States in comparison with that of other Western democracies?

Back 28

fragmented organization and divided control at the top

Front 29

What two bosses do federal bureaucratic agencies have?

Back 29

the president and congress

Front 30

Federal departments are headed by

Back 30

cabinet-level secretaries

Front 31

Among the first cabinet departments created was the Department of

Back 31

state

Front 32

What could be described as being responsible for regulating sectors of the economy in which it is judged that the free market does not work properly to protect the public interest?

Back 32

independent regulatory commissions

Front 33

Government corporations, like the Postal Service are

Back 33

created to perform economic activity that private investors are unwilling or unable to perform

Front 34

More often than not, executive branch bureaucracies

Back 34

are given a great deal of discretion in executing laws

Front 35

Another word for patronage is

Back 35

spoils

Front 36

What kind of positions give presidents more control over the direction of policy in the bureaucracy

Back 36

patronage postitions

Front 37

What president appointed the highest number of women and racial groups to the executive branch?

Back 37

Clinton

Front 38

On average, top political appointees stay in office about

Back 38

22 months

Front 39

independent regulatory agencies

Back 39

are supposed to promote the public interest, are outside the department structure of the federal bureaucracy, regulate aspects of the economy, are run by commissioners

Front 40

The consumer product safety comission regulates such things as

Back 40

toys

Front 41

subdivisions within cabinet departments are known as

Back 41

bureaus and agencies

Front 42

Bureaucrats are involved inw hich of the following activities?

Back 42

executing the law, making rules, and adjudicating disputes

Front 43

Government corporations are

Back 43

usually created to perform some important economic activity that private investors are unwilling or unable to perform

Front 44

A whistleblower is

Back 44

a bureaucrat who reports abuses of power, corruption, financial mismanagement, or other official malfeasance

Front 45

The Office of Personal Management does each of the follow EXCEPT

Back 45

oversees and streamlines the federal workforce

Front 46

Agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Back 46

are allowed to write specific rules and regulations that carry the force of law

Front 47

Independent regulatory commissions, like the Interstate Commerce Commission

Back 47

are protected against direct presidential and congressional control

Front 48

Bureaucrats are involved in which of the following activites?

Back 48

executing the law, making rules and adjudicating disputes

Front 49

Which of these is a way that presidents can exercise their authority over the bureaucracy

Back 49

the existence of a crisis or widely shared national commitment, the president can use his power as chief budget officer of the federal government, a popular president may be influential, the president can use his power of appointment

Front 50

The single largest category of federal spending is

Back 50

mandatory expenditures

Front 51

A condition of rising prices is known as

Back 51

inflation

Front 52

Monetary policy refers to

Back 52

the set of gov't actions having to do with spending and taxes

Front 53

The total of what gov't owes is called the

Back 53

national debt

Front 54

Macroeconomic policy refers

Back 54

to fiscal and monetary policies

Front 55

Public policy

Back 55

is a decision made by gov't that creates lives, programs, and regulations

Front 56

Gov't fiscal policies have to do with

Back 56

taxing and spending

Front 57

What presidents are considered supply-siders?

Back 57

Ronald reagan, Bush,Clinton

Front 58

what is an example of agenda setting?

Back 58

the news media address an issue in the news that resonates with the public and gov't

Front 59

if the Federal Reserve Board wants to increase aggregate demand in the economy, it

Back 59

increases the money supply and lowers interest rates

Front 60

the federal budget deficit is the

Back 60

annual shortfall between what the gov't spends and what it takes in

Front 61

congressional incumbents

Back 61

increasingly come from relatively ______ districts

Front 62

What kind of committee reconciles difference between house and senate versions of the same bill

Back 62

conference

Front 63

the franking privilege allows members of congress to

Back 63

mail literature related to gov't to constituents free of charge

Front 64

the framers of the constitution wanted the legislative branch to be

Back 64

the center of policymaking for the federal government

Front 65

lawmakers generally try to get on committees

Back 65

that will help them serve their constituents

Front 66

Divided government is defined

Back 66

when the president and the majority n the house or senate belong to different political parties

Front 67

the council of economic advisors is

Back 67

a small group of economists located in the executive office of the president

Front 68

george washington

Back 68

solidified the prestige of the presidency at a time when executive leadership was mistrusted and the affirmed the primacy of the president in foreign affairs

Front 69

treaties require

Back 69

two-thirds support by senate

Front 70

what does aaron W. mean by two presidencies?

Back 70

presidents are much more successful when dealing with congress in foreign affairs than domestic affairs

Front 71

in the role of chief of state, the president

Back 71

has assumed the leadership role in managing the nation's economy

Front 72

the president's cabinet

Back 72

has been designated by law as the primary advisory body in the executive branch

Front 73

Abe lincoln established precedents for later presidents by

Back 73

stretching the powers of the institution to achieve his goals

Front 74

How many tiers does the federal judiciary have?

Back 74

three

Front 75

Planned Parenthood v. Casey held that a state court could limit abortions as long as the regulation did not pose an undue burden on pregnant women.

Back 75

True

Front 76

All federal judicial judicial nominations are first referred to which of the following for a hearing?

Back 76

Senate Judiciary Committee

Front 77

A _____ brief is submitted by someone who is not a party to the case.

Back 77

amicus curiae

Front 78

The authority to be the first court to hear a case is which type of jurisdiction

Back 78

trial

Front 79

what would be most likely to vote to overturn Roe v. Wade on the grounds that the framers did not intend for the constitution to protect abortion rights

Back 79

Anthony Kennedy

Front 80

What argued many of the key civil rights cases before the supreme court on behalf of the national association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP) and then later went on to become a justice of the supreme court?

Back 80

thurgood marshall

Front 81

The U.S. is divided into 12 geographic ____courts that hear appeals from federal district courts

Back 81

circuit

Front 82

for a case to be heard in the supreme court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case?

Back 82

4

Front 83

the 14th amendment suggests that the protections in the bill of rights could be interpreted as applying to the states

Back 83

true

Front 84

government regulation of political speech is subject to ordinary scrutiny

Back 84

False

Front 85

what rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial?

Back 85

exclusionary

Front 86

the conference of the US supreme court is

Back 86

limited to the justices themselves

Front 87

the grandfather clause was a device that allowed whites who had failed the literacy test to vote as long as their ancestors had voted prior to 1867

Back 87

false

Front 88

In a process known as ____, presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block the nomination

Back 88

Senatorial courtesy

Front 89

The supreme court has based a woman's right to an abortion on which grounds?

Back 89

privacy

Front 90

what nominates US federal judges

Back 90

the president

Front 91

Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion?

Back 91

establishment

Front 92

The ____ Act of 1789 established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system

Back 92

judiciary

Front 93

What cases did the supreme court declare that, under the law, slaves were not people but private property belonging to their owners?

Back 93

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Front 94

The 15th Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of _____.

Back 94

race

Front 95

during the 19th century, the bill of rights did not apply to the states

Back 95

true

Front 96

what did jim crow laws mandate

Back 96

racial segregation

Front 97

Courts provide a statement of the legal reasoning behind their decisions in written ___

Back 97

opinions

Front 98

once appellate decisions are published, they become ______ that guide the decisions of other judges in the same circuit.

Back 98

precedents

Front 99

who attempted to expand the number of supreme court justices in 1937?

Back 99

president roosevelt

Front 100

what confers the power to create the office of "chief justice of the US?"

Back 100

Article III of the Constitution

Front 101

In which court do cases generally begin?

Back 101

trial

Front 102

When a case is granted review in a appellate court, the parties submit written _______ presenting their arguments

Back 102

briefs

Front 103

How many justices currently serve on the supreme court?

Back 103

9

Front 104

The free exercise clause guarantees that the government will not interfere with the practice of religion

Back 104

True

Front 105

selective incorporation makes the protections from the bill of rights applicable to the states through which amendment

Back 105

4

Front 106

The admissions office at a public university could likely establish a permissible affirmative action policy that awards minority students by bumping up their SAT score by 100 points

Back 106

false

Front 107

What is the authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in a particular case?

Back 107

jurisdiction

Front 108

What case did the supreme court first claim the right of judicial review?

Back 108

Marbury v. Madison

Front 109

A grand ______ brings indictments in federal trial courts

Back 109

jury

Front 110

What does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?

Back 110

discrimination in public accommodations

Front 111

Since the 1950s, the supreme court gradually eliminated virtually all de facto segregation and discrimination in the US

Back 111

True

Front 112

Following oral arguments and reading briefs on a case, the justices gather for a _____ to reach a decision

Back 112

conference

Front 113

When the federal government is a party to a supreme court case, the ____ or one of his or her deputies presents the oral arguments

Back 113

solicitor general

Front 114

Federal judges are appointed to ______ terms

Back 114

life

Front 115

Only a(n) _______ court can review the decisions of a lower court

Back 115

appellate

Front 116

Proponents of what believe that judges should use their power broadly to further justice?

Back 116

judicial activism

Front 117

Gender classifications are evaluated by the supreme court using the strict scrutiny standard to ensure that it is necessary to accomplish a permissible state goal and is the least restrictive way to reach that goal.

Back 117

False

Front 118

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the supreme court overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine that the court had established in brown v. board of education.

Back 118

True

Front 119

Civil liberties are religious freedoms that the government can take away

Back 119

False

Front 120

A writ of mandamus is a request submitted to the US Supreme court to review a lower court decision

Back 120

False

Front 121

The ruling in which the US supreme court struck down state-mandated segregation in public schools was called marbury v. madison 1803

Back 121

False

Front 122

In court rulings, reliance on past decisions to formulate decisions in new cases is known as which of the following?

Back 122

stare deisis

Front 123

Robert Bork is generally considered to be the swing vote on the roberts court

Back 123

True

Front 124

Federal district courts

Back 124

are courts of original jurisdiction

Front 125

Who would be considered a strict constructivist?

Back 125

Justice Antonin Scalla

Front 126

The organization of the federal court system is

Back 126

the prerogative of congress

Front 127

In 1937, the supreme court decided to

Back 127

support the new deal, signaling the court's concession to political forces

Front 128

Appellate courts (other than the supreme court)

Back 128

exist only to hear appeals, and cases cannot originate in them.

Front 129

Oral argument before the supreme court

Back 129

lasts one hour

Front 130

standing is known as

Back 130

having authority to bring legal action because one is directly affected by the issues at hand

Front 131

Appointments to the federal courts are

Back 131

related to political trends at the time

Front 132

What is a characteristic of US Courts of Appeals?

Back 132

new evidence cannot be introduced

Front 133

A justice who supports the majority opinion but has different reasons for doing so has

Back 133

written a concurring opinion

Front 134

When writing the opinion of the Court, the assigned justice will

Back 134

receive help from law clerks

Front 135

John Marshall, the principal architect of American Jurisprudence

Back 135

generally believed that american greatness depended on a strong national government

Front 136

Federal district courts are courts of

Back 136

original jurisdiction, which means they do not hear appeals from other courts

Front 137

What are the formal powers of the chief justice of the supreme court?

Back 137

He has certain administrative responsibilities but derives most of his power from leadership abilities and the prestige of the office.

Front 138

The decision of the court in Roe v. Wade was based on the right of

Back 138

privacy

Front 139

The writ of habeas corpus

Back 139

is the legal doctrine that a person who is arrested must have a timely hearing before a judge

Front 140

Under chief justice Taney, from 1836 to 1864, the supreme court tended to

Back 140

favor economic growth over the personal enjoyment of property

Front 141

Affirmative action is

Back 141

a program of private and public institutions that favor minorities and women in an attempt to compensate for past discrimation

Front 142

The case of Gitlow v. NY is important b/c it

Back 142

incorporated the freedom of speech to the states

Front 143

What is a "white primary"?

Back 143

A primary held in the winter usually in November and a Jim Crow strategy

Front 144

A bill attainder

Back 144

is a governmental decree that a person is guilty of a crime that carries the death penalty, rendered without benefit or a trial

Front 145

the seneca falls convention focused on

Back 145

women's rights

Front 146

Mmos of our civil rights and liverties

Back 146

have evolved over time through the political process

Front 147

In Mapp v. Ohio (1961), the court enunciated the ______ to prevent police and prosecutors from using evidence gained through warrantless and unreasonable searches to convict people

Back 147

exclusionary rule

Front 148

Civil rights refer to

Back 148

government guarantees that all citizens can participate as equals in the practice of democracy

Front 149

Under what type of scrutiny does the supreme court examine racial discrimination?

Back 149

strict scrutiny

Front 150

An ex post facto law

Back 150

is a law that retroactively declares some action illegal

Front 151

The 14th amendment to the constitution

Back 151

extended equal protection under the law to all citizens

Front 152

The ____ Amendment outlawed slavery

Back 152

13th