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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the agents of political socialization?
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Answer: Demographic characteristics, family, school, peers, mass media, and political leaders.
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What are the four liberties of the first amendment?
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Answer: Freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom to assemble, and freedom to petition to the government.
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The Amendment that guarantees that a person does not have to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless in the presence or stated by a Grand Jury, exceptional in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia. |
Amendment: Fifth Amendment
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One of the three civil War Amendments which specifically bans slavery in the United States.
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Answer : 13th Amendment
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One of the three civil war Amendments that guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens.
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Answer: 14th Amendment
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Which amendment guaranteed the right to vote without regard to 'race, color orprevious condition of servitude?'
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Answer: Fifteenth Amendment
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The Amendment to the constitution that guaranteed women's right to vote.
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Answer: 19th Amendment
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Definition : ______________________ the first ten amendments to the U.S constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties. |
Answer : Bill of rights
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_______________________________ U.S. Supreme Court decisions holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. |
Answer : Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
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_____________________________ the government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government or individuals.
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Answer : Civil Rights
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__________________________ The personal guarantee and freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation. |
Answer: Civil Liberties
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________________________writtenby a justice who agrees with the outcome but not the legal rationale
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Answer: concurring opinion
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________________________ Test articulated by the Supreme Court in Schenck v. U.S. (1919) to draw the line between protected and unprotected speech; the Court looks to see "whether the words used " could "create a clear and present danger that they will bring about substantive evils" that Congress seeks "to prevent"
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Answer: Clear and present danger test
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__________________ Racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy. |
Answer : De jure discrimination
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_________________________ Role played by an elected representative who votes the way his or her constitutes would want, regardless of personal opinions.
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Answer: Delegate
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____________________________ Role played by an elected representative who listens to constitutes opinions and then uses his or her best judgment to make a final decision. |
Answer: Trustee
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_____________________writtenby one or more justices who disagree with the opinion of a majority/pluralityof the Court
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Answer : dissenting opinion
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__________________________Part of the fifth Amendment that protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense in the same jurisdiction.
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Answer: Double Jeopardy clause
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_________________________________ case were the Supreme Court concluded that 1) Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional 2) slaves were not US citizens and could not bring suits in federal court 3) Theright to bear and carry arms a basic right of citizenship
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Answer : Dred Scott v. Sandford
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________________________ An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse or disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary
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Answer: Executive Privilege
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_________________The formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action.
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Answer : Executive Veto
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What are the requirements as to being in executive (aka president) office?
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Answer: The constitution requires the president to be a natural born citizen of the United states, at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United states for fourteen years or longer.
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_______________________the first clause of the first amendment it directs the national government not to sanction an official religion.
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Answer: Establishment Clause
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_________________ The second clause of the first Amendment it prohibits the United States government from interfering with a citizen's right to practice his or her religion.
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Answer : Free Exercise clause
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What was the significance (meaning or reasoning) of the Gitlow vs. New York court case?
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Answer: The significance of the Gitlow vs New York court case was an argument over the first amendment freedom of speech.
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_________________________ An interpretation of the Constitution holding that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires state and local governments to guarantee the rights stated in the bill of rights.
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Answer: Incorporation Doctrine
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______________________ A judicial doctrine whereby most, but not all, protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment.
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Answer: Selective Incorporation
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Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public such as schools, theaters, hotels, and other public place.
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Answer: Jim Crow Laws
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_______________________ is the tendency of a court toignore Stare Decisis. Judges believe that their role should be to furtherthe good of man through the interpretation of the Constitution, even if thismeans using the bench to create new law.?
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Answer: Judicial Activism |
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What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do?
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Answer: It established the basic three tiered structure of the federal court system.
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_____________________ is the tendency of a court to use Stare Decisis. Judges believe that their role should be limited to interpreting the Constitution, not using thebench to create new law.
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Answer : Judicial restraint |
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____________________The power of the courts to declare acts of otherbranches of government invalid or unconstitutional. |
Answer: Judicial Review |
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_________________Prohibited slavery north of the geographical boundary at 36 degrees latitude. Allowed union to admit Missouri as a slave state to maintain balance of slave and free states.
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Answer: the Missouri Compromise of 1820 |
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True or False There are constitutional requirements for the judiciary. |
Answer: False ( There are no constitutional requirements for the judiciary only appointment by the president and confirmation by the senate.)
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What are the nomination criteria for the judiciary? |
Answer: Six main criteria for being nominated into the judiciary are Experience, Ideology or policy preference, Rewards, Pursuit of political support, religion, race, ethnicity, and gender.
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What are the four types of congressional committees? |
Answer: The four types of congressional committees are: 1) standing, 2) Joint 3) Conference 4) Select.
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____________________ Committee to which proposed bills are referred and continues from one congress to the next.
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Answer: Standing Committee
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____________________ Standing committee that includes members from both houses of Congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies.
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Answer: Joint Committees
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________________________ Special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the house and Senate.
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Answer: Conference Committee
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________________________ Temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose.
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Answer : Select (or special) Committee
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What are the advantages of incumbency?
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Answer: The advantages to incumbency are name recognition, credit claiming, casework, franking privilege, access to media, ease in fund raising, experience in running a campaign, and redistricting. |
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con. Advantages of incumbency ______________Members names have been on the ballot before and voters may associate their names with programs or social services they have brought to the district. |
Answer: name recognition
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con. Advantages of incumbency _________________Members may claim to be responsible for federal money brought to the district. |
Answer: credit claiming
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con. Advantages of incumbency _____________________ Members and their staffs help constitutes solve problems with the government including navigating red tape and tracking down federal aid. |
Answer: casework
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con. Advantages of incumbency _____________________ Members may send mail or newsletters for free by using their signature in place of a stamp. |
franking privilege
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con. Advantages of incumbency _______________________ Members and their staffs may have relationships with reporters and may find it easy to spin stories or give quotes. |
access to media
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con. Advantages of incumbency __________________________ Incumbents have a high reelection rates makes them a safe bet for individuals or groups wanting to give donations in exchange for access. |
ease in fund raising
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con. Advantages of incumbency _______________________ Members have already put together a campaign staff, made speeches and come to understand constituent concerns. |
experience in running a campaign
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con. Advantages of incumbency ____________________ In the house a member's district may be drawn to enhance electability |
redistricting
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A court case in 1971 where the court tried to carve out a three part test for laws dealing with religious establishment issues.
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Answer: Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
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What was the lemon test?
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Answer: It was a three part test created by the Supreme Court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment issues.
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How did the Lemon test prove that a practice or policy was constitutional?
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Answer: 1) If the practice had a legitimate secular purpose 2) neither advanced nor inhabited religion 3) did not foster excessive government entanglement with religion.
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_____________False written statement that defiles a persons character.
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Answer: Libel
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_______________Untrue spoken statements that define the character of a person
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Answer: Slander
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____________________A court case in which the supreme court first asserted the power of judicial review by finding that the congressional statute extending the courts original jurisdiction was unconstitutional
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Answer: Marbury v. Madison (1803)
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An opinion that is written by one member of the Court to reflect the views of at least five justices.
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Answer: Majority opinion of the court
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__________________ A supreme court case in which the Supreme court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the constitutions supremacy clause. The courts broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expensive federal powers.
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Answer: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
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What was the Near v. Minnesota court case about?
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Answer: The Near v. Minnesota (1931) the supreme Court argued against the incorporation doctrine by holding that a state law violated the first amendment's freedom of the press.
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_____________________ The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These courts determine the facts of a case.
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Answer: Original Jurisdiction
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What kinds of cases does original jurisdiction of the courts include?
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Answer: the types of cases that the original jurisdiction SupremeCourt must hear cases involving foreign ambassadors or disputesbetween states
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_______________ A supreme court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites. The court found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
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Answer: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
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______________ Constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact which is generally held to be in violation of the first Amendment.
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Answer: Prior restraint
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________________ If congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the presidents signature.
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Answer: Pocket Veto
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What is political socialization?
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Political socialization is the process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values.
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___________What the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time.
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Answer: public opinion
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___________Supreme Court Case that focuses on a case which tested the limits of religious liberty: Court ruled unanimously that a law banning polygamy was constitutional, and did not infringe upon individuals’ First Amendment right to free exercise of religion.
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Answer: Reynolds v. United States |
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_______________1978 Supreme Court case that for the first time addressed the issue of affirmative action. Declared that the case was illegal because of the strict use of racial quotas.
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Answer: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
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_______________A method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected
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Answer: Random sample
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______________________a method of selecting a sample from a statistical population in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has a predetermined probability of being selected. |
Random Poll (aka random sampling)
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A subset of a statistical population that accurately reflects the members of the entire population. Should be an unbiased indication of what the population is like. 1,000 people would be a represent a certain population .
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Answer: Representative sample
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_____________________ A 1848 convention that took place in Seneca Falls New York and sent out a call for the woman's rights convention. Which demanded the abolition of legal, economic, and social discrimination against women.
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Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
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_________________In Court rulings and a reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases.
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Answer: Stare Decisis
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What was the trail of tears about?
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1) When the Cherokee nationwas forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate toan area in present-day Oklahoma. 2) The Cherokee called this journey the "Trailof Tears," because of its devastating effects. 3) The migrants faced hunger,disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 of theCherokees died.
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_________________ Continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organizations to chart a candidates daily rise or fall in support.
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Tracking Poll
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What is the war power resolution of 1973? (fill in the blank) The War Powers Resolution: Law passed in ________ by Congress to override president Nixon's veto. The ____________ is limited in the deployment of _______________which can be extended for an extra____________to permit withdrawal unless __________ explicitly gives its approval for a longer period. |
Answer: The War Powers Resolution: Law passed in 1973 by Congressed to override president Nixon's veto. The president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty -day period in peacetime which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.
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What are the three types of federal judiciary courts?
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Answer: The three types of federal judiciary courts are called 1) trial courts or district courts 2) appellate courts or courts of appeals 3) Supreme court the last resort court
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______________________ Court of original jurisdiction were cases begin
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Answer: Trial courts
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__________________Court that generally reviews only findings of law made by lower courts.
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Answer: Appellate courts
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______________________the court that is often at the center of highly controversial issues that the political process has yet to resolve successfully. It reviews cases from the U.S. court of appeals and state supreme courts (as well as other courts for last resort) and acts as the final interpreter of the constitution.
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Answer: Supreme Court
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