Political Science Exam 2

Front 1

Part of the 14th amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people. Became the principal tool for wagging struggles for equality.

Back 1

Equal Protection Clause

Front 2

The Constitutional Amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.

Back 2

13th amendment

Front 3

In 1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring "equal but separate accommodation for the white and colored races" was constitutional.

Back 3

Plessy vs Ferguson

Front 4

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote

Back 4

19th amendment

Front 5

A form of political participation based on a conscious decision to break a law believed to be unjust and to suffer the consequences.

Back 5

Civil disobedience

Front 6

A view about how parties should work, held by some political scientist. According to the model, parties should offer clear choices to the voters and once in office, should carry out their campaign promises.

Back 6

Responsible party model

Front 7

The supreme power within each of the parties. The convention meets every four years to nominate the party's presidential and vice presidential candidates and to write the party's platform.

Back 7

National party convention

Front 8

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.

Back 8

Affirmative action

Front 9

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.

Back 9

19th amendment

Front 10

The key technique employed by survey researchers, which operates on the principle that everyone should have an equal probability of being selected for the sample.

Back 10

Random sampling

Front 11

The process through which individuals in a society acquire political attitudes, views, and knowledge, based on inputs from family, schools, the media, and others.

Back 11

Political socialization

Front 12

All the activities use by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. The most common means of political participation and democracy is voting; other means include protest and civil disobedience.

Back 12

Political participation

Front 13

Voting with one party for one office and with another party for another office. It has become the norm in American voting behavior.

Back 13

Split ticket voting

Front 14

Television radio and Internet, as compared with print media.

Back 14

electronic media

Front 15

A politics in which the behavior of citizens and policymakers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology.

Back 15

High-tech politics

Front 16

The science of population changes.

Back 16

Demography

Front 17

The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actively involved in politics at the time.

Back 17

Policy agenda

Front 18

The voters perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for, such as conservatism or liberalism.

Back 18

Party image

Front 19

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans.

Back 19

15th amendment

Front 20

The process through which people consciously choose to get the news from information sources that have viewpoints compatible with their own.

Back 20

Selective exposure

Front 21

What kind of regional population shift is American experiencing?

Back 21

From northeast to southwest

Front 22

Most important agent of political socialization.

Back 22

Family

Front 23

The influence election results

Back 23

Problem with exit polls ?

Front 24

How do parties maximize their appeal to voters?

Back 24

Position themselves near political center

Front 25

who are identifying as independent?

Back 25

Young people

Front 26

Why news outlets seek to entertain?

Back 26

They are motivated by profits

Front 27

How to politicians control their image?

Back 27

Tightly scripted media events

Front 28

Campaign promise kept by the President Reagan

Back 28

Increase defense spending

Front 29

tactics southern states used to prevent African Americans from voting

Back 29

Poll taxes

White primaries

Literacy test

Front 30

Largest minority group

Back 30

Hispanics

Front 31

Examples of media performing its role of government watchdog

Back 31

Reporting about an abuse of power

Front 32

An electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the candidates who come in first in their constituencies.

Back 32

Winner take-all

Front 33

Electric contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections. They are a regular feature of American politics and occasionally attract the publics attention.

Back 33

Third parties

Front 34

The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification. Means that many people are gradually moving away from both parties.

Back 34

Party dealignment

Front 35

Successful political parties in the United States remain close to the midpoint of public opinion.

Back 35

True

Front 36

Party machines dominate local party organizations today.

Back 36

False

Front 37

The American two-party system encourages parties and candidates to offer clear choices for voters.

Back 37

False

Front 38

So-called blue dog democrats are an sample of the democratic party operating according to the principles of responsible party government.

Back 38

False

Front 39

In recent years, most presidential election campaign television advertisements have been negative.

Back 39

True

Front 40

Those who watch the news on Television tend to be more engage in politics than those who read the news.

Back 40

False

Front 41

The internet appears to be increasing the public interest in political news.

Back 41

False

Front 42

News coverage of political campaigns pay relatively little attention to policy issues.

Back 42

True

Front 43

The main source of political socialization within the school context is government and civics classes.

Back 43

False

Front 44

Years of polling data revealed that Americans tend to be very engaged in and well informed about politics.

Back 44

False

Front 45

The biggest consequence of declining trust in government has been a lack of support for the government during times of international crisis.

Back 45

False

Front 46

Americans are more likely to be conservative than liberal.

Back 46

True

Front 47

Civil disobedience is a form of conventional political participation.

Back 47

False

Front 48

Civil rights law and court decisions only restrict de jure segregation.

Back 48

False

Front 49

In Craig v. Boren, the Supreme Court held gender discrimination, like racial discrimination, to a strict scrutiny standard.

Back 49

False

Front 50

The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits employment discrimination against people with disabilities.

Back 50

True

Front 51

Circulation rate of newspapers

Back 51

Have been declining

Front 52

Short video clips of approximately 10 seconds. Typically, they are all that is shown from a politician's speech on the nightly television news.

Back 52

Sound bites

Front 53

What are the functions of the party's national convention?

Back 53

◾Write party platform

◾nominate a candidate for

president

◾meet every four years to revise

rules

Front 54

What area are the media most influential?

Back 54

Agenda setting

Front 55

How do politicians control their image?

Back 55

Tightly scripted media events

Front 56

Watching only news program that reflect the viewers politics is called?

Back 56

Selective exposure

Front 57

What is the me way for an interest group to gain media coverage

Back 57

Stage protest

Front 58

What is the most common form of political participation?

Back 58

Voting

Front 59

Americans identify most with which political ideology?

Back 59

Conservative

Front 60

What is the problem with exit polls?

Back 60

The influence elections results

Front 61

Which event sparked party realignment

Back 61

◾Civil War

◾Great Depression

◾Great Depression

Front 62

Prevents near monopolies of control over a broadcast market, has instituted rules to limit the number of stations owned or controlled by one company. Since a simplification in 1996, the rule has been just that no single owner can control more than 35% of the broadcast market cut. Conducts periodic examinations of the goals and performance of stations as part of its licensing authority.

Back 62

Federal Communications Commission in 1996 -media monopolies?