Political Science: Test 1

Front 1

a test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent african americans from exercising their right to vote

Back 1

literacy test

Front 2

a special tax that had to be paid as a qualification for voting

Back 2

poll tax

Front 3

a device used by southern states to disenfranchise. It restricted voting to those whose grandfather had voted before 1867.

Back 3

grandfather clause

Front 4

a state primary election that restricted voting to whites only. outlawed by the us supreme court in 1944 in texas politics smith v allwright

Back 4

white only primary election

Front 5

this was outlawed by the us supreme court in 1944 in texas politics smith v allwright

Back 5

white only pirmary election

Front 6

the doctrine holding that separate but equal faciliteis do not violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the us constitution

Back 6

seperate but equal doctrine

Front 7

the movement that supports political, eonomic, and social equality for women

Back 7

feminisim

Front 8

the right to vote

Back 8

universal sufferage

Front 9

any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatement to an individual or to a group because of gender

Back 9

gender discrimination

Front 10

unwanted physical or verbal conduct or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipients job performance and creates a hostile work environment

Back 10

sexual harrasment

Front 11

a policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or sompensatory treatment to tradionally disadvantage groups, in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination

Back 11

affirmative action

Front 12

describe the arguments for and against affirmative action

Back 12

http://civil-rights.lawyers.com/discrimination/arguments-for-and-against-affirmative-action.html

Front 13

discrimination against individuals who are not members of a minority group

Back 13

reverse discrimination

Front 14

racial segregation that occurs because of pattern of racial residence and similar social condition

Back 14

de facto segregation

Front 15

a nonviolent public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws

Back 15

civil disobedience

Front 16

racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies

Back 16

de jure disobedience

Front 17

black codes

Back 17

replaced slave codes

-stated that

1. african americans could not testify against white in court

2. limited job oppertunities to african americans

3. classified african americans as 2nd and 3rd class citizens

Front 18

codes that replaced slave codes

Back 18

black codes

Front 19

1. african americans could not testify against white in court

2. limited job opportunities to african americans

3. classified african americans as 2nd and 3rd class citizens

Back 19

black codes

Front 20

jim crow laws

Back 20

legalized segregation

Front 21

a result of plessy v ferguson

Back 21

jim crow laws

Front 22

jim crow laws

Back 22

segregation laws as a result of plessy v ferguson

Front 23

poll tax

Back 23

required tax for those who wanted to vote

Front 24

exclusionary rule

Back 24

-4th am makes illegal search and seizure prohibited

so

-all documents that are illegally collected must be eliminated in courts

Front 25

rule that states all documents that are illegally collected must be eliminated in courts

Back 25

exclusionary rule

Front 26

fairness doctrine

Back 26

media must give equal time to both parties of an argument

-pro and against abortion

Front 27

media must give equal time to both parties of an argument

-pro and against abortion

Back 27

fairness doctrine

Front 28

in the case of brown vs board of education of topeka (1954), the us supreme court held that

Back 28

public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment

Front 29

public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment

Back 29

in the case of brown vs board of education of topeka (1954), the us supreme court held that

Front 30

the grandfather clause

Back 30

was used in the south to deny african americans the right to vote

Front 31

de jure segregation

Back 31

occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies

Front 32

occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies

Back 32

de jure segregation

Front 33

affirmative action can be defined as

Back 33

remedial steps taken to improve work opportunities of women and racial and ethnic minorities

Front 34

remedial steps taken to improve work opportunities of women and racial and ethnic minorities

Back 34

affirmative action can be defined as

Front 35

the indirect result of the case of plessy vs ferguson

Back 35

the development of a system of legal racial segregation aka jim crow laws

Front 36

what case resulted in the development of a system of legal racial segregation

Back 36

plessy v ferguson

Front 37

the doctrine that holds that segregation in schools and public accomodation does not imply that one race is superior to the other race is

Back 37

seperate but equal doctrine

Front 38

barriers used to prevent african americans from voting include

Back 38

-white only primary election

-poll tax

-grandfather clause

Front 39

jim crow laws

Back 39

required the segregation of the races

Front 40

the civil right movement led by martin luther kin was based on the philosophy of

Back 40

nonviolent civil disobedience

Front 41

martin luther kings philosphy of nonviolent civil disobedience was influenced greatly by

Back 41

gandhi

Front 42

in the senate, unlimited talk to halt action on a bill is called

Back 42

filibuster

Front 43

the civil rights act of 1968

Back 43

forbade discrimination in housing

Front 44

in 2007 the case of gonzales vs carhart put ban on

Back 44

partial birth abortion

Front 45

an effective technique used to successfully integrate lunch counters was

Back 45

the sit in

Front 46

discrimination

Back 46

based on prejudice/ irrational thinking

-always bad

ex. poll tax or black codes

Front 47

segregation

Back 47

can be biased or to protect the security of public

-can be good

ex. jim crow laws or prison

Front 48

civil rights movements in 50's

Back 48

54- brown v board of education = officially abolish school segregation

55- boycott city buses

57- gov of arkansas refused to let afican american students into school, eisenhower sent fed troops to allow students to attend school

Front 49

civil rights movements in 60's

Back 49

64- abolished racial discrimination in hotels, restaurants, and public amenities, and jobs, schools funded by goverment

65- voting rights act= gov must monitor people are voting

68- abolished housing discrimination

Front 50

women involved with feminism or anti feminism

Back 50

elizabeth cady stanton

gloria steinem

betty friendan

alice paul

phyllis schlafly

Front 51

elizabeth cady stanton

Back 51

wrote womens delaration of independence

Front 52

gloria steinman

Back 52

founded miss magazine

Front 53

betty friedmean

Back 53

feminist, estabolished and president of NOW

- wrote feminine mystique

Front 54

wrote feminine mystique

Back 54

betty friendman

Front 55

estabolished and was president of NOW(national organization of women)

Back 55

betty friedman

Front 56

anti womens activist who was founded the Eagle Forum

Back 56

Phyllis Schlafly

Front 57

feminist who was the main leader and stratigest of the 1910's campaign for the 19th amendment (which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote)

Back 57

alice paul

Front 58

wrote the womens declaration of indpenedence

Back 58

elizabeth stanton

Front 59

leader and spokeswoman for the feminist movement of the 1960s and 70s

Back 59

gloria steinem

Front 60

civil rights movments in the 1950's

Back 60

movement of 54, 55, and 57

Front 61

civil rights movment of 1954

Back 61

brown vs board of education, officially abolished school segregation

Front 62

brown vs board of education established what

Back 62

the abolishment of school segregation officially

Front 63

brown vs board of education resulted in

Back 63

civil rights movement of 1954

Front 64

civil rights movement of 1955

Back 64

boycott city buses

Front 65

boycotting city buses was the civil rights movement of

Back 65

1955

Front 66

civil rights movement of 1957

Back 66

governor of Arkansas refused to let african american students into school so president Eisenhower sent federal troops to allow students to attend school

Front 67

governor of Arkansas refused to let african american students into school so president Eisenhower sent federal troops to allow students to attend school

Back 67

civil rights movement of 1957

Front 68

civil rights movements of the 1960's

Back 68

64,65, 68

Front 69

civil rights movements of 1964

Back 69

abolished racial discrimination in hotels, restauraunts, public amenities, jobs, and school funded by government

Front 70

this abolished racial discrimination in hotels, restauraunts, public amenities, jobs, and school funded by government

Back 70

civil rights movement of 1964

Front 71

civil rights movement of 1965

Back 71

voting rights act= government must monitor the voting, had provisions, outlawed any iliteracy tests or anything used to disenfranchise racial minorities, prohibited racial discrimination in voting

Front 72

voting rights act=

Back 72

government must monitor the voting, had provisions, outlawed any iliteracy tests or anything used to disenfranchise racial minorities, prohibited racial discrimination in voting

Front 73

government must monitor the voting, had provisions, outlawed any iliteracy tests or anything used to disenfranchise racial minorities, prohibited racial discrimination in voting

Back 73

civil rights act of 1965

Front 74

civil rights act of 1968

Back 74

abolished housing discrimination, equal housing oppertunities

Front 75

this civil rights act abolished housing discrimination, equal housing oppertunities

Back 75

civil rights act of 1968

Front 76

the us supreme court decision that legalized abortion

Back 76

roe vs wade 1973

Front 77

roe vs wade 1973

Back 77

abortion is legalized

-divided pregnancy into trimesters

1st: abortion is ok

2nd: court can regulate/ woman must be supported

3rd: if court can regulate/ rights of the fetus must be supported

Front 78

abortion is legalized

-divided pregnancy into trimesters

1st: abortion is ok

2nd: court can regulate/ woman must be supported

3rd: if court can regulate/ rights of the fetus must be supported

Back 78

roe vs wade 1973

Front 79

-divided pregnancy into trimesters

1st: abortion is ok

2nd: court can regulate/ woman must be supported

3rd: if court can regulate/ rights of the fetus must be supported

Back 79

roe vs wade

Front 80

abortion as legalized by this landmark decision

Back 80

roe vs wade 1973

Front 81

the us supreme court decisions that put restrictions on abortion

Back 81

webster case 1989 and casey case 1992

Front 82

webster case of 1989

Back 82

1. states doctor/hospital are not allowed to perfom abortion because of they are state funded

2.private doctors and clinic have right to perform abortion

3.life begins with conception

Front 83

the case that established these restrictions on abortion:

1. states doctor/hospital are not allowed to perfom abortion because of they are state funded

2.private doctors and clinic have right to perform abortion

3.life begins with conception

Back 83

webster case of 1989

Front 84

casey case 1992

Back 84

put restrictions on abortion

1. minors must have approval of parents

2. 24 hour waiting period

3. doctor must open a file for each patient

4. doctor must give advice to the patient

Front 85

the case that established these restrictions on abortion:

1. minors must have approval of parents

2. 24 hour waiting period

3. doctor must open a file for each patient

4. doctor must give advice to the patient

Back 85

casey case 1992

Front 86

this type of discrimination can be good or bad

Back 86

segregation (prisons)

Front 87

poll tax is an example of

Back 87

discrimination

Front 88

jim crow laws is an example of

Back 88

segregation

Front 89

gonzales vs carhart

Back 89

banned partial term abortion for research

-ethics vs politics

Front 90

this case banned partial term abortion

Back 90

gonzales vs carhart

Front 91

some tactics used to prevent african americans from voting in the south

Back 91

-literacy test, white only primary election, grandfather clause, poll tax

Front 92

issues that will be important in the future struggle for womens equality

Back 92

media, violence against women, equal pay, military, jobs, ownership of properties

Front 93

affirmative action policies were initially implemented because

Back 93

they were designed to fight against discrimination in the us

-give extra oppertunity to those who were victimes of past discrimination

Front 94

arguments for affirmative action

Back 94

allows incentive for minority groups, increases job market, increases equality in jobs, and school admissions, diversity is good, there still is discrimination against racial groups and women today, reverses the negative effects caused by years of discrimination

Front 95

arguments against affirmative action

Back 95

reverse discrimination shouldnt be used to fix past discrimination, people should be selected based on merit not on race or gender, minorities and women who are affected by affirmative action come from priveleged backgrounds a majority of the time, increases racial tension

Front 96

what types of economic discrimination impacts older americans

Back 96

jobs, hiring, income, social security, laws protecting public aka driving laws

Front 97

women are majority

Back 97

men are minority

Front 98

womens movement in 1848

Back 98

american feminists convention

-womens declaration of independence ( all women and men are created equal)

- written by elizabeth stanton

Front 99

womens movement in 1880's and 90's

Back 99

both major political groups supported womens rights

- populists and progressives

Front 100

19th amendment

Back 100

1920

-gave women the right to vote

-stated that gender should not affect ones right to vote

Front 101

stated that gender should not affect ones right to vote

Back 101

19th amendment

Front 102

NOW

Back 102

1960's

-National Organization for Women

Betty Friedan estabolished and was first president of NOW

Front 103

alice paul

Back 103

equal rights amendment

Front 104

anti womens organization

Back 104

eagle forum

Front 105

eagly forum was founded by

Back 105

phyllis schlafly

Front 106

phyllis schlafly was against the feminist movement because

Back 106

1. womens movement is anti-men

2. movement is anti old fashioned woman

3. movement is encouraging homosexuality among woman

Front 107

abortion is

Back 107

the premature termination of pregnancy that fetus could not have survived

Front 108

this supreme court decision divided pregnancy into trimesters

Back 108

roe vs wade 1973

Front 109

plessy v ferguston (1896)

Back 109

jim crow laws developed segregation

- segregation officially established in the country

Front 110

segregation is good b/c

Back 110

seperates criminals from public for means of protection

Front 111

segregation is bad b/c

Back 111

racial seperation is biased

Front 112

two types of segregation

Back 112

de-jure and de-facto

Front 113

de jure segregation

Back 113

require/enforced by law

Front 114

de facto segregation

Back 114

segregation that is illegally practiced

-social segregation

Front 115

social segregation

Back 115

de facto

Front 116

segregation that is a law/ legally seperated

Back 116

de jure

Front 117

de jure means

Back 117

according to the law

Front 118

discriminatory laws

Back 118

grandfather clause

poll tax

white only primary election

Front 119

if your grandfather had the right to vote you had the right to vote

Back 119

grandfather clause

Front 120

required a tax to be paid in order to vote

Back 120

poll tax

Front 121

only white people could run for primary elections

Back 121

white only primary elections

Front 122

passed laws at state level to counter civil war amendments are called

Back 122

discriminatory laws

Front 123

discriminatory laws are

Back 123

passed laws at state level to counter civil war amendments

Front 124

discrimination

Back 124

distinction of division on basis of prejudice

Front 125

prejudice

Back 125

irrational thinking/ behavior

Front 126

irrational thinking/ behavior

Back 126

prejudice

Front 127

distinction of division on basis of prejudice

Back 127

discrimination

Front 128

prejudice is based on

Back 128

ignorance

Front 129

dred scott vs sanford 1857

Back 129

-classified slaves as private property

-created an environment for civil war

-worst decision made by supreme court

Front 130

this us supreme court decision classified slaves as private property and created an environment for civil war

Back 130

dred scott vs sanford

Front 131

government program to improve civil rights and civil liberties in us is known as

Back 131

reconstruction

Front 132

civil war amendments

Back 132

13th, 15th, and 15th

Front 133

13th amendment

Back 133

abolished slavery

1865

part of the civil war amendments

Front 134

14th amendment

Back 134

right of citizenship to former slaves

1868

part of the civil war amendments

Front 135

15th amendment

Back 135

right to vote to former slaves

1870

part of the civil war amendments

Front 136

the amendment that has these classifications is:

right to vote to former slaves

1870

part of the civil war amendments

Back 136

15th

Front 137

the amendment that has these classifications is:

right of citizenship to former slaves

1868

part of the civil war amendments

Back 137

14th amendment

Front 138

the amendment that has these classifications is:

abolished slavery

1865

part of the civil war amendments

Back 138

13th amendment

Front 139

this us supreme court decision classified slaves as private property

Back 139

dred scott

Front 140

obscenity

Back 140

something that is inappropriate, not acceptable by community standard

- is affected by condition, time, and location

Front 141

something that is inappropriate, not acceptable by community standard

- is affected by condition, time, and location

Back 141

obscenity

Front 142

sedition

Back 142

illegal act against government

Front 143

illegal act against gov

Back 143

sedition

Front 144

16th century was important because

Back 144

-age of exploration

-age of reformation

-printing machine expanded christianity

-age of slavery

-justification of slavery from africa(africa just got out of war)

-churches hated scientific development

Front 145

18th century was important because

Back 145

-industrial revolution

-wesley - methodists

Front 146

methodists 3 rules

Back 146

1. do no harm

2. do good

3. follow the principles of god

Front 147

roger williams

Back 147

colony in providence

- was an environment for religious freedom

Front 148

william penn

Back 148

philidelphia (city of brotherly love)

condition was that you have to pray only to one god

Front 149

puritans were in

Back 149

massachusetts and connecticut

Front 150

started the first baptsist church in us

Back 150

roger williams

Front 151

supporters of the early proponents of seperation of church and state

Back 151

williams and penn

Front 152

prespitarians were in

Back 152

long island

Front 153

lutherans were in

Back 153

delaware

Front 154

catholics were in

Back 154

maryland

Front 155

________ was anti religion because of the excess of catholic power used

Back 155

french revolution

Front 156

french revolution was anti religion because

Back 156

the catholic church was using too much power, they wanted a seperation of church and state

Front 157

nicholas cobernagus said that

Back 157

earth circles the sun

Front 158

griswald vs connecticut 1965

Back 158

gave right to privacy

Front 159

this gave the right to privacy

Back 159

griswald vs connecticut 1965

Front 160

washington vs gluckberg 1997

Back 160

interest in liberty does not cover suicide or assisted suicide (not protected by constitution)

-suicide is illegal but states can do otherwise

Front 161

states with rights to die laws

Back 161

oregon, washington, montana, and vermont

Front 162

obscene and obscenity is

Back 162

always changing and catagorized by an individuals community

-depend on time and situation

Front 163

miller v california 1973

Back 163

created guidelines for obscene and obscenity

1. how an average person is looking towards something based on community standard

- each community makes decisions on issues of obscenity

-has to prove an average person

2. something must be offensive based on state and local laws

3. something must be valueless

Front 164

us supreme decision that created guidelines for obscene and obscenity

Back 164

miller vs california

Front 165

guidelines outlined in miller vs california

Back 165

1. how an average person is looking towards something based on community standard

- each community makes decisions on issues of obscenity

-has to prove an average person

2. something must be offensive based on state and local laws

3. something must be valueless

Front 166

it is __________ to prove something worthy of lawsuit based on obscenity

Back 166

difficult

Front 167

to destroy the character of someone

Back 167

defamation

Front 168

defamation

Back 168

to destroy the character of someone

Front 169

slander

Back 169

to defame someone by speech

Front 170

to defame someone by speech

Back 170

slander

Front 171

to defame someone by writing or literature works

Back 171

libel

Front 172

libel

Back 172

defamation by writing

Front 173

act against government

Back 173

sedation

Front 174

freedom of information

Back 174

the right to get information from different sources; emails, tv, magazines

Front 175

the right to know belongs to

Back 175

the people (everyone)

Front 176

the right to get infor from different sources, emails, tv, or magazines

Back 176

freedom of information

Front 177

the right to access belongs to

Back 177

the media

Front 178

schnek vs the us 1919

Back 178

clear and present danger test

- states you have the right to talk about issues as long as you are not posing danger to society (ex. shouting fire)

Front 179

clear and present danger test was a result of this us supreme court decision

Back 179

schnek vs the us

Front 180

chaplinsky vs new hampshire 1942

Back 180

fighting words do not enjoy the 1st amendment protection

Front 181

fighting words not being protected by the 1st amendment was a result of this us supreme court decision

Back 181

chaplinsky vs new hampshire

Front 182

new york times vs sulivan 1964

Back 182

an average person that wants to sue someone with a libel lawsuit has to prove that what was said is false and deamatory

-if a public official they must prove statement is false, defamatorym and malice (intentionally)

Front 183

the us supreme court decision that states an average person that wants to sue someone with a libel lawsuit has to prove that what was said is false and deamatory is

Back 183

ny times vs sullivan

Front 184

if trying to sue a public official for means of libel you must prove

Back 184

false, defamatory, and malice (intentionally)

Front 185

civil rights

Back 185

government must do something

Front 186

civil liberties

Back 186

those personal freedoms that the government should not invade

ex. privacy, religion, free speech, first amendment

Front 187

those personal freedoms that the government should not invade

ex. privacy, religion, free speech, first amendment

Back 187

civil liberties

Front 188

privacy, religion, free speech, first amendment are all examples of

Back 188

civil liberties

Front 189

martin luther kin is an example of

Back 189

civil rights activist

Front 190

1st amendment

Back 190

civil liberties

-freedom of speech, press, and expression

-peaceful assembly

-religious freedom

-seperation of church and state

Front 191

civil liberties amendment

Back 191

1st amendment

Front 192

different types of speech

Back 192

-symbolic speech

-regular speech

-academic speech

-political speech

-commercial speech

Front 193

junk mail is an example of

Back 193

commercial speech

Front 194

campaign time speeches are an example of

Back 194

political speech

Front 195

speeches for educational institutions are an example of

Back 195

academic speeches

Front 196

something that stands for something else for example a peace sign is and example of

Back 196

symbolic speech

Front 197

us president is the

Back 197

-chief executive of country and can veto

Front 198

state governor is the

Back 198

chief executive of state (national guard)

Front 199

both state governor and president have powers

Back 199

veto, military, appoint top officials, and budget

Front 200

3 areas controlled by state government

Back 200

police, schools, and land management

-can be controlled by national gonvernment (ex. FBI, national parks, miliatry school)

Front 201

good social service state

Back 201

connecticut

Front 202

switch from articles to constitution because

Back 202

no centralized government which led to civli war

Front 203

states that dont have income tax

Back 203

new hampshire and texas

Front 204

federal judiciary supreme court

Back 204

-judges serve for live and appointed by president and must be approved by senate

-highest court system

Front 205

highest court system

Back 205

federal judiciary supreme court

Front 206

us courts of appeals (appellate)

Back 206

below supreme court

Front 207

district courts

Back 207

below appellate

Front 208

court systems from largest to smalles

Back 208

federal judiciary supreme court, us courts of appeal (appellate), district courts, state judiciatry supreme court, state courts of appeal (state appellate), general trial court

Front 209

state supreme court judges serve

Back 209

12 years

Front 210

state courts of appeal ( state appellates ) werve for

Back 210

6 years

Front 211

general trial court (state judiciary)

Back 211

superior court, municipal court

serve for 6 years

Front 212

elastic clause aka neccessary and proper clause

Back 212

expands the us constitution

-constitution can be interpreted to expand and have more oppertunity

Front 213

this expands the us constitution making it able to be interpreted to expand and have more oppertunity

Back 213

elastic or neccessary and proper clause

Front 214

if state gov doesnt comply with federal gov

Back 214

state gov loses funding

Front 215

federal law

Back 215

created by us congress

Front 216

state law

Back 216

created by state legislature

Front 217

house of representatives is made up of

Back 217

congress

Front 218

us congress is made up of

Back 218

house of represenetatives and senate

Front 219

assembly members are apart of

Back 219

state assembly

Front 220

members of senate are

Back 220

senators

Front 221

the different types of federal systems

Back 221

dual federalism, cooperative federalism, horizontal federalism

Front 222

dual federalism

Back 222

the beginning federal system (lasted unitl 1933)

-creates competition between state and national government

-state government and national government have equal rights and oppertunitiy

Front 223

the beginning fed system until 1933

Back 223

dual federalism

Front 224

this states that the state gov and naional gov have equal rights and oppertunity

Back 224

dual federalism

Front 225

cooperative federalism

Back 225

state gov must work with federal gov together

- ex. law police and fbi/army and national gov

- prez has power to federalize

Front 226

horizontal federalism

Back 226

state and federal governments have interactions

Front 227

this type of government states that state government must work with federal government together

Back 227

cooperative federalism

Front 228

this type of government states that state and federal systems have interactions

Back 228

horizontal federalism

Front 229

major characteristis of horizontal federalism

Back 229

1. extradition

2. acts and deeds

3. immunities and privilages

Front 230

1. extradition

2. acts and deeds

3. immunities and privilages

Back 230

major characteristics of horizontal federalism

Front 231

extradition

Back 231

state agreement to bring criminals back to their state of crime to test against them

for foreign affairs it depends on agreement with countries

Front 232

acts and deeds

Back 232

documents issued by one state must be accepted by other states

-ex. license, college degrees

Front 233

this states that documents issued by one state must be accepted by other states

Back 233

acts and deeds (horizontal federalism)

Front 234

this states that if someone commits a crime the states will return the criminal to the state of crime to pursicuit them

Back 234

extradition

Front 235

immunities and privilages

Back 235

people who are coming from different states have to be treated with same rights as a citizen of that state

Front 236

this states that all individuals have to be treated with same rights as a citizen of that state

Back 236

immunities and privilages

Front 237

______ has the right to make any laws that are neccesary and proper

Back 237

congress

Front 238

when states receive money from federal government its called

Back 238

grant in aid

Front 239

grant in aid

Back 239

states receive money from gov

- national gov funds states expenses

Front 240

categorical, block, revenue sharing

Back 240

3 types of grant in aid

Front 241

categorical grant

Back 241

designed for large projects

-ex. highways or airport

-HAVE to spend money on the claimed project

-TOUGH regulations and restriction

Front 242

block grant

Back 242

more adjustable funds

-can switch money funding

Front 243

this grant allows you to be able to more easily swith money funding

Back 243

block grant

Front 244

this grant allows you to spend omeny only on what is the claimed project

Back 244

categorical grant

Front 245

this grant is designed for large projects

Back 245

categorical grant

Front 246

revenue sharing

Back 246

a tax to assist in monetary needs (governmental)

Front 247

a tax to assist in ruling needs

Back 247

revenue sharing

Front 248

holocause is an example of

Back 248

revenue sharing

Front 249

Social and economic changes

Back 249

ex. rail roads, airports, tv, volume of currency, population inrease, global warming, great depression

all gives more power to national government because gov regulates

Front 250

these give more power to national government because they regulate

Back 250

social and economic changes

Front 251

reasons for the expansion of the us federal system

Back 251

1. elastic clause

2. commerce clause

3. supremacy clause

4. civil war amendments

5. grant in aid

6. social and economic changes

Front 252

1. elastic clause

2. commerce clause

3. supremacy clause

4. civil war amendments

5. grant in aid

6. social and economic changes

Back 252

reasons for the expansion of the us federal system

Front 253

elastic clause

Back 253

the constitution is elastic, flexible, adaptable

-judiciary branch practices elastic clause (supreme court)

Front 254

this is practiced by the supreme court and states that the constitution is adaptable

Back 254

elastic clause

Front 255

commerce clause

Back 255

only national/federal government can regulate trade (commerce) relations between states and foregin governments

Front 256

this states that only national government can regulate commerce relations between states and foreign governments

Back 256

commerce clause

Front 257

commerce means

Back 257

trade

Front 258

supremacy clause

Back 258

constitution is the supreme law of the nation

-creates respect for federal government which gives gov more power

Front 259

this creates respect for federal government which gives government more power

Back 259

supremacy clause

Front 260

this states that the constitution is that supreme law of the nation

Back 260

supremacy clause

Front 261

civil war ammendments

Back 261

gave more powers to national government

-13th , 14th, 15th

Front 262

13th, 14th, and 15th amendments

Back 262

civil war amendments

Front 263

13th amendment

Back 263

1865, abolished slavery

Front 264

this amendment abolished slavery

Back 264

13th

Front 265

14th amendment

Back 265

1868, right of citizenship to former slaves

Front 266

this amendment gave the right of citizenship to former slaves

Back 266

14th

Front 267

15th amendment

Back 267

1870, right to vote to former slaves

Front 268

this amendment gave the former slaves the right to vote

Back 268

15th am

Front 269

this gave national government power because former slaves favored national government

Back 269

civil war amendments

Front 270

3 advantages of a federal system

Back 270

1. diversity

2. experimentation

3. political activism

Front 271

diversity

Back 271

- 1/3 of the advantages of a federal system

- different states have different laws (ex. three strike law, legal marijuana)

-gives oppertunity for people to select laws they wish to have by state

- individuals can select which state they wish to live by their different laws

Front 272

different states have different laws that give oppertunity to people to select which state they wish to live in by the laws the state has is called

Back 272

diversity

Front 273

experimentation

Back 273

- 1/3 of the advantages of a federal system

- experiment with laws in state government before applying to all states

Front 274

the fact that states can experiment with laws before it is applied to all of the states is known as

Back 274

experimentation

Front 275

political activism

Back 275

- 1/3 of the advantages of a federal system

- federal system promotes democracy

- multiple elections which promotes participation in politics

Front 276

because there are multiple elections

Back 276

political activism is encouraged

Front 277

federal system

Back 277

- power flows to and from both national and state governments

- there are delegated (right to print money and declare war) and reserved powers ( states right to run city or county government)

- countries with federal systems are US, Brasil, India

- state governments look like national government(chief exec of country is prez chief exec of state is governor)

- two levels of gov= state and national

Front 278

this has two levels of government, state and national

Back 278

federal system

Front 279

in this system the state and national government look alike

Back 279

federal system

Front 280

delegated powers

Back 280

powers reserved to national gov

Front 281

reserved powers

Back 281

powers reserved for state gov

Front 282

unitary system

Back 282

- power flow from national governent to state gov

- only one level of gov= national

ex. china, japan, france

- all powers located in national government

Front 283

in this system all powers are located in national government

Back 283

unitary system

Front 284

confederation

Back 284

- power flow from state gov to national gov

- association of independent states

- states are sovergn (independent)

ex. united nations, nato, warsaw pact, articles of confederation

Front 285

states are soverign

Back 285

confederation

Front 286

formal process of amending

Back 286

A. 2/3 vote of us congress in both chambers or B. 2/3 vote f special convention

then goes to either

1. ratified by 3./4 of special convention or 2. ratified by 3/4 of state legislature

Front 287

3 powers in constitution

Back 287

delegated

reserved

concurrent

Front 288

delegated powers

Back 288

powers that exclusively belong to national government

ex. declare war, print money, establish froegin relations with foreign countries

Front 289

these are powers that are exclusiely belonging to national government

Back 289

delegated powers

Front 290

the power to declare war, pring money, and estalbish foregin relations are

Back 290

delegated powers

Front 291

reserved powers

Back 291

exclusively to states government

ex. draft local governments (cities, counties)

Front 292

powers that are exclusively belonging to the states government

Back 292

reserved powers

Front 293

concurrent powers

Back 293

both state and national government can pratice

ex. taxation, punishment, education

Front 294

taxation, punishment, and education are all

Back 294

concurrent powers

Front 295

state prohibitions

Back 295

cannot print money

cannot declare war

cannot exchange ambassadors with foreign countries

Front 296

national prohibitions

Back 296

cannot deny rights of people granted by constitution

cannot reestablish slavery

Front 297

state and national prohibitions

Back 297

cannot practice titles like king and queen

Front 298

1st amendment

Back 298

freedom of speech, press and expressment

right to

-peaceful assembly, petition government

- clear and present danger test= as long as not threatening or posing danger to society you can do it

Front 299

1st amendment violations

Back 299

slander and libel

Front 300

slander

Back 300

defame with verbal expression

Front 301

to defame with verbal expression

Back 301

slander

Front 302

libel

Back 302

to defame by written expressions

Front 303

to defame by written expressions

Back 303

libel

Front 304

2nd amendment

Back 304

right to bear arms

-collective rights(liberals) vs indidivudal rights(conservative)

Front 305

3rd amendment

Back 305

government can not occupy ur property during the peace time

Front 306

4th amendment

Back 306

illegal search and seizure is prohibited

- privacy rights derived from this amendment

Front 307

legal rights of the people is

Back 307

amendments 5,6 and 7

Front 308

5th amendment

Back 308

double jeopardy is prhibited (cannot be tried twicce for the same crime)

Front 309

6th amendment

Back 309

right to a fair and speedy trial and a attorney

Front 310

7th amendment

Back 310

dispute between 20$ you can ask for a jury trial

Front 311

8th amendment

Back 311

curel and unusual punishment is prohibited

-if punishment doesnt fit he crime

- fi punishement is designed to inflict alot of pain

Front 312

two things that make a punishment cruel and unusual

Back 312

-if it doesnt fit the crime

-if it is designed to inflict alot of pain

Front 313

9th amendment

Back 313

unlisted rights belong to the people (privacy, womens vote)

Front 314

10th amendment

Back 314

unlisted powers belong to the state and people (changes that we have)

Front 315

the broadness of the bill of rights allowed to constitution to be flexible

Back 315

this is why the constitution has lasted so long

Front 316

jefferson convinced madison to write

Back 316

bill of rights

Front 317

bill of rights was written so government would not

Back 317

take citizens natural rights

- didnt want central government to have too much power

Front 318

1st comprehensive declaration of rights was

Back 318

virginias

Front 319

locke stated that

Back 319

we have the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

Front 320

amendint the constitution (formal procedure)

Back 320

passed by 2/3 us congress in both houses or 2/3 of special convention and national level then ratified by 3/4 state legislators or 3/4 of state conventions

Front 321

amending the constitutions informally

Back 321

through supreme court decisions we are changing the government

Front 322

bill of rights

Back 322

most important document in us constiuttion

Front 323

bill of rights

Back 323

1-10 amendments

Front 324

federalist papers

Back 324

written by hamilton, james maddison, and jay

- supported the constitution and federal system( checks and balances and constitution)

Front 325

us constitution

Back 325

federal system (strong national government)

50 states

unified currency

unified military

bicameral congress

house and senate

Front 326

articles of confederation

Back 326

confederation(sovergn states)

13 states

different currency per state

state militia

unicamaral congress

Front 327

this had unicamaral congress

Back 327

articles of confederation

Front 328

constitution has

Back 328

powers and prohibitions

Front 329

state and national prhibitions

Back 329

title of nobility

Front 330

state government prohibition

Back 330

cannot print money

cannot declare war

cannot exchange ambassador with foregin country

Front 331

before 1776 there was

Back 331

articles of confederation

Front 332

articles of confederation

Back 332

-predecessor of constitution

-created 13 independent states

-different states had different currencies and rules

Front 333

this created 13 independent states which each had different currencies and rules

Back 333

articles of confederation

Front 334

virginia plan

Back 334

proposed by james madison

- larger states have more representatives in congress

-small states opposed

Front 335

new jersey plan

Back 335

equal representations among all states

-larger states opposed

Front 336

great compromise

Back 336

-combination of virginia plan and new jersey plan

-created jud/exec/ and leg branches

-senate (new jersey plan)

-house (virginia plan)

- prez can serve for 2 terms no mre than 10 years

Front 337

this stated that the prez can serve for 2 terms no more than 10 years

Back 337

the great compromise

Front 338

if vp is dying but prez is alive th prez

Back 338

appoints someone but must be approved by both houses

Front 339

consitution is the supreme law of the nation

Back 339

must explain what type of government

must explain each branch of government and its relations

must explain relations between national gov and state gov

must explain freedoms and rights of people

Front 340

written consitution

Back 340

drafted into one document

ex. the constitution of usa

Front 341

unwritten constitution

Back 341

collection of documents

ex. constitution of uK

Front 342

some countries have constitutions but do not have constitutional government

Back 342

government with out a system of checks and balances

Front 343

constitutional government

Back 343

a government with a system of checks and balances

Front 344

social and economic rights

Back 344

1. social and economic condition (right to a certain quality of life)

2. the right to work

3. the right to education

Front 345

rights based on equality

Back 345

womens rights and ethnic group rights

Front 346

human rights

Back 346

-civil and political rights

-participation in the political processs

-freedom of speech, press, and expression (has limitations)

- religious freedom

-seperation of church and state

-right to petition the government

-right to peaceful assembly

Front 347

most important documentation of human rights was

Back 347

declaration of independance

Front 348

second most important documentation of human rights was

Back 348

french declaration of human rights

Front 349

third most important documentation of human rights was

Back 349

uns universal declarations of human rights 1948

Front 350

civil and political rights

Back 350

a human right

Front 351

right of participation in the political process

Back 351

a human right

ex. voting, jury duty, legal defense fund, running for office

Front 352

right of freedom of speech, press, and expression

Back 352

a human right

-has limitations

no slander - defame by verbal speech

no libel- defame by written speech

Front 353

religious speech

Back 353

a human right

Front 354

seperation of hcurch and state

Back 354

a human right

Front 355

us does not have an abosulte seperation of

Back 355

church ans state

- has relative seperation

Front 356

right to petition the government

Back 356

a human right

Front 357

right to peaceful assembly

Back 357

a human right

Front 358

right to work

Back 358

social and economic right

Front 359

right to obtain a certain quality of life

Back 359

social and economic right

Front 360

right to education

Back 360

social and econoic right

Front 361

presidential voting is

Back 361

first tuesday in month of november

Front 362

governments largest to smalles

Back 362

fed, state, county, city

Front 363

direct democracy

Back 363

democracy without representation

- only state and local

ex. referendum, recall, and initiative

Front 364

indirect democracy

Back 364

democracy with representation

-no direct democracy at national level

easier because its designed for large nations

Front 365

this democracy is good for large nations

Back 365

indirect democracy

Front 366

referendum, recall, and initiative are

Back 366

direct democracy

Front 367

universal sufferage

Back 367

right to vote

Front 368

right to vote is known as

Back 368

universal sufferage

Front 369

people who dont have the right to vote

Back 369

felons, children, mentally ill, not us citizen

Front 370

the declaration of independance 1776

Back 370

written by thomas jefferson

Front 371

declaration of independances 3 major points

Back 371

1. human rights declaration

2. revolutionary declaration

3. independance declaration

Front 372

human rights declaration

Back 372

1/3 major points of declaration of independence

-ex. life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness (locke orgionally said property)

Front 373

revolutionary declaration

Back 373

1/3 major points of declaration of independence

- universal declaraion

-social contract (citizens responsibilities)

Front 374

independance declaration

Back 374

1/3 major points of declaration of independence

- because its colonies received indpendence from britain

Front 375

2 houses

Back 375

house of representatives and senate

Front 376

house or representatives

Back 376

435 people

- distributed by population per state

Front 377

senat

Back 377

100 people

2 per state

Front 378

in case of impeachment

Back 378

house charges and senate must agree. needs 218 (1/3) votes to charge and 67 senate votes

Front 379

transfer of power heirarchy

Back 379

prez, vp, speaker of house, president prtempore, cabinet

Front 380

3 branches of gov

Back 380

judicial, executive, legislative

Front 381

judicial branch

Back 381

interprets the law

-has judicial review

Front 382

executive branch

Back 382

enforces the law

Front 383

legislativ branch

Back 383

makes laws

Front 384

conditions for president of the us

Back 384

prez must be at least 35

live in us for at least 14 years conscutively

be a natural born us citizen

Front 385

checks and balances

Back 385

power of prez, power of congress against prez veto, judicial review

Front 386

power of president

Back 386

can veto

Front 387

power of congress against prez veto

Back 387

override

Front 388

judicial review

Back 388

declare a law unconscitutional

judicial branch

Front 389

congress can

Back 389

override and impeach

Front 390

different types of democracies

Back 390

direct, indirect

Front 391

democracy where you are representing yourself

Back 391

direct democracy

Front 392

deomcracy where elcted officials are representing the peoples wants

Back 392

indirect democracy

Front 393

initiative

Back 393

direct democracy

- citizens propose law and it is put in state wide ballad

-ex. propositions

- you can only add laws

Front 394

referendum

Back 394

direct democracy

-act of reffering something to the people for approval or disapproval

Front 395

act of referring something to the people for approval or disapproval

Back 395

referendum (direct democracy)

Front 396

recall

Back 396

direct democracy

- procedure to remove an elected official from office

Front 397

procedure to remvoe an elected official from office

Back 397

recall (direct democracy)

Front 398

4 advantages of a democracy

Back 398

1.peaceful transfer of power ( has power heirarchy)

2. freedom of speech, press, and express

3. checks and balances

4. effective relationships between government and the people ( b/c they are elected by the people)

Front 399

government ruled by the people

Back 399

democracy

Front 400

government

Back 400

institution where the political power is exercised

Front 401

most important aspect of government

Back 401

political power

Front 402

in government there are

Back 402

rulers and ruled (subjects)

Front 403

without power government is

Back 403

meaningless

Front 404

why do we need government

Back 404

- to provide social services (education, health insurance)

- to maintain law and order ( highway patrol, state trooper)

- to defend the nation ( army, military forces)

- to ensure justice ( court system, civil rights, political rights)

Front 405

need government to

Back 405

provide social services

to maintain law and order

to defend thenation

to ensure justice

Front 406

hobbes 1651 leviathan

Back 406

states most imporant service of government is to maintain law and order

Front 407

john locke mentions in high social contract

Back 407

the importance of law and order

Front 408

rehabilitation

Back 408

to correct someone

Front 409

deterance

Back 409

to prevent crime

Front 410

to correct someone

Back 410

rehabilitation

Front 411

to prevent crime

Back 411

deterance

Front 412

incapacitation

Back 412

to put in jail

Front 413

to put in jail

Back 413

incapacitation

Front 414

retribution

Back 414

to give back to society

Front 415

to give back to society

Back 415

retribution

Front 416

cruel and unsusal punishment

Back 416

prohibited by universal decalration of human rights and 8th amendment

- when punishment odesnt fit crime

- if the punishment is designed to cuase alot of pain

Front 417

3 violation levels

Back 417

infractions, misdemeanors, felonies

Front 418

infractions

Back 418

minor violation

ex. traffic

Front 419

misdemeanor

Back 419

serious violation

ex. shoplifting, DUI

Front 420

felony

Back 420

very serious violation

ex. murder, robbery

Front 421

guitine, stoning, death penatly, breaking on the wheel are all examples of

Back 421

cruel and unusual punishment

Front 422

reasons for crime

Back 422

poverty, lack of education, unemployment, gang affliation

Front 423

gun control favor points

Back 423

2nd amendment was targeted toward militia rather than individuals

crimes can be less dangerous by making it more difficult to get a gun

legalized gun ownership means guns have a more likely chance of falling in the hands of kids

Front 424

death penalty supporting points

Back 424

justice is served

get what they deserve

have to show an example that there are punishments for every crime

Front 425

death penalty against points

Back 425

they can kill someone who is innocent

people can change

cruel and unusual punishment so it interferes with the 8th amendment

capital punishment does not deter crime

poor quality defense can leave someone sentenced to death

Front 426

discrimination

Back 426

acting on prejudice

ex. throwing rocks at peacefule protestors

Front 427

segregation

Back 427

seperates two groups of individuals

ex. lunch counters

Front 428

voting rights act

Back 428

1965

Front 429

abolished housing discrimiation

Back 429

civil rights act of 1968

Front 430

abolished racial discrimination in hotels, restarurants, and public amentities, jobbs, schools funded by gov

Back 430

civil rights act of 1964

Front 431

boycotted city buses

Back 431

civil rights act of 1955

Front 432

_____ is an action in violation of the law

Back 432

crime

Front 433

violations have _ levels

Back 433

3

Front 434

punishment has_ purposes

Back 434

4

Front 435

the 4 purposes of punishment

Back 435

rehabilitation, deterance, retribution, and incapitation

Front 436

rehabilitation has been supported by

Back 436

dr karl menninger

Front 437

deterrence has been favored by

Back 437

james wilson

Front 438

the purpose of deterrence is to

Back 438

discourage crimes in our society

Front 439

the purposed of rehabilitation is to

Back 439

reform the perpetrators in our comunity

Front 440

to reform the perpetrators in our community

Back 440

rehabilititation

Front 441

to discourage crimes in our society

Back 441

deterrance

Front 442

______ means to get the criminals off the streets

Back 442

incapacitation

Front 443

incapacitation

Back 443

to get the criminals off the streets

Front 444

retribution refers to the ________ which means and eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth

Back 444

old testiment law

Front 445

some punishments regarded as cruel and unusual punishments such as

Back 445

breaking on the wheel

Front 446

if there is no match between crime and punishement or the punishment is designed ot inflict alot of pain

Back 446

regarded as cruel and unusal punishments

Front 447

the purpose of rehabilitation is to

Back 447

reform the criminals in society

Front 448

deterrence means to

Back 448

prevent the crimes in our society

Front 449

retribution refers to the

Back 449

old testiment law

Front 450

the science of prison and prison management is called

Back 450

penology

Front 451

penology

Back 451

science of prison and prison managaement

Front 452

purposes of punishement

Back 452

rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution, incapacitation

Front 453

the case of gideon vs ainwrigth 63 established

Back 453

free counseling for suspects

Front 454

the case of escobedo vs illinois 64 allowed the suspect to bring his attorney during the

Back 454

police investigation

Front 455

the case of miranda vs arizona 66 provided legal protections for

Back 455

the suspect

Front 456

violations have _ levels

Back 456

3

Front 457

the case of furman vs georgia 72 abolished the death penalty in the

Back 457

US

Front 458

constitution is divided into 2 sections

Back 458

written nd unwritten

Front 459

against gun control points

Back 459

its is our right to bare arms as stated by the 2nd amendment

self defense

gun control hasnt worked for uk or germany

crimes are often prevented by the posibilty of gun ownership

banning guns will create another potentially large source of organized criminal revenue

would take away another piece of our liberty, working toward a totalitarian government

Front 460

the case of greggs vs georgia 76

Back 460

reinstated the death penalty in the us

Front 461

cruel and unusual punishemnt are prohbited by the

Back 461

8th amendment

Front 462

which state has the highest death row inmates

Back 462

california

Front 463

punishment has _ major purposes

Back 463

4

Front 464

to pay back to society is called

Back 464

retribution

Front 465

what are the four puroposes of punishment

Back 465

-retribution, deterance, rehabilitation, incapacitation

Front 466

what are cruel and unusual punishments

Back 466

punishments that cause alot of paint and do not sut the crime

Front 467

infraction example

Back 467

driving ticket

Front 468

misdemeanor example

Back 468

petty theft

Front 469

felony example

Back 469

armed robbery

Front 470

criminology

Back 470

science of study why people are committing crimes

ex. poverty, alcohol, guns

Front 471

the science of studing why people are commiting crimes

Back 471

criminology

Front 472

criminalistics

Back 472

science to identify who did the crime (who the criminal is)

ex. dna tests, camara

Front 473

the science to identify who did the crime (who the criminal is)

Back 473

criminalistics

Front 474

criminal law

Back 474

what is crime and what is punishment by law

- defines crime and punishment from legal pov

Front 475

defines the crime and punishment from legal pov

Back 475

criminal law

Front 476

international criminal law

Back 476

defines crime and punishment in international arean

ex. money laundering

Front 477

defines crime and punishment in international arena

Back 477

international criminal law

Front 478

criminal(civil) procedure

Back 478

defines rules and procedures of trials

Front 479

this defines rules and procedures of trials

Back 479

criminal or civil procedure

Front 480

penology

Back 480

science of prison and prison management

Front 481

science of prison and prison management

Back 481

penology

Front 482

proponents of death penatly

Back 482

resitivism = if dont kill they will kill someone else

justicce

retribution= pay back to society

show a lesson to the rest of society (deterance)

Front 483

opponents of the death penalty

Back 483

mistake by judge or juries (judicial error) can sentence innocent person to death

cruel and unusual punishment

against natural law

money and race affects death penalty sentences

no close correlation between death penalty and crime rate

Front 484

you could determine whether the death penalty is an instrument of racial oppression by

Back 484

seeing those who are sentenced races and comparing the sentencing of the exact same crime in different races

Front 485

if the death penlty is acceptable, in what kinds of cases should it be applied? why?

Back 485

in cases such as mass murder where the indidvidual willingly harmed multitudes of innocent people

Front 486

what effect would public executions have on violent crime

Back 486

public executions would probably decrease the amount of violent crime as people would be scared

Front 487

mercy killing

Back 487

euthinasia

Front 488

euthinasia

Back 488

mercy killing

Front 489

the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering

Back 489

euthinasia

Front 490

those personal freedoms that are protected for all individuals

Back 490

civil liberties

Front 491

the part of the first mendment of the us constitution prohibiting the establishment of a church officially supported by the government

Back 491

establishment clause

Front 492

establishment clause

Back 492

the part of the first am prohibiting the establishment of a church officially supported by the government

Front 493

the view that most protections of the bill of rights incorporated in the 14th amendment of the us constitution against state governments

Back 493

incorporation theory

Front 494

incorporation theory

Back 494

the view that most protections of the bill of rights incorporated in the 14th am against state governments

Front 495

restraining an action before the activity has occured

Back 495

prior restraint

Front 496

prior restraint

Back 496

restraining an action before the activity has occured

Front 497

a rule that speech or other first amendment freedomes may be curtailed if such expresseion might lead to some evils

Back 497

bad tendancy rule

Front 498

bad tendancy rule

Back 498

a rule that speech or other first amendment freedomsmay be curtailed if such expression might lead to some evils

Front 499

a judicial doctrine which limitations are permissible if they avoid imminent, serious, and imporant evil

Back 499

preferred position doctrine

Front 500

preferred position doctrine

Back 500

judicial doctrine which limitations are permissible if they avoid imminent, serious, and imporant evil

Front 501

speech may be restricted if it provoes clea are present danger to the public

Back 501

clear and present danger test

Front 502

clear and present danger test

Back 502

speech may be restricted if it provoes clea are present danger to the public

Front 503

advertising statement which have been protected under the 1st am

Back 503

commercial speech

Front 504

nonverbal expression

Back 504

symbolic speechs

Front 505

symbolic speech

Back 505

nonverbal expression

Front 506

defamation by speech

Back 506

slander

Front 507

slander

Back 507

defamation by speech

Front 508

words used by a public speaker that provoke an average person to biolent, such as racial or ethnic type

Back 508

fighting words

Front 509

fighting words

Back 509

words used by a public speaker that provoke an average person to biolent, such as racial or ethnic type

Front 510

disruptive behavior of a public listener that, in effect, vetoes the public speakers rights to speak

Back 510

hecklers veto

Front 511

hecklers veto

Back 511

disruptive behavior of a listener that vetoes the public speakers right to speak

Front 512

a written defeamation

Back 512

libel

Front 513

intentionally publishing any printed statement that is injurious to the character of another person

Back 513

actual malice

Front 514

actual malice

Back 514

intentionally publishing any printed statement that is injurious to the character of another person

Front 515

a court order restricting the publication on news about a trial in progress to protect the rights of an accused to fair trial

Back 515

gag order

Front 516

gag order

Back 516

court order restircting info from being made public

Front 517

civil liberties represent

Back 517

something the government cannot do such as abridge a freedom

Front 518

_______ represent something the government cannot do such as abridge a freedom

Back 518

civil liberties

Front 519

in the us, freedom of religion consists two principal concepts

Back 519

-seperation of church and state

-free exercise of religion

Front 520

according to the clear and present danger test, expression may be restricted if the public

Back 520

evidence exists that such expressions would cause a condition which would endanger the public

Front 521

the concept of the right to die

Back 521

has yet to be covered under the principle of right to privacy by the supreme court

Front 522

slander laws protect people from

Back 522

obscenity and defamation of character

Front 523

fighting words

Back 523

provoke the average listeners to violence

Front 524

gag orders have been used to

Back 524

restrict the publication of news about a trail in progress

Front 525

the privacy act of 1974

Back 525

allows citizens the right to obtain copies of personal records collected by federal agencies

Front 526

the writ of habeus corpus

Back 526

the right to know the charges against you

Front 527

the right to know the charges against you

Back 527

the writ of habeus corpus

Front 528

a major reson fo the adoption of the so called miranda rights was that

Back 528

criminal law enforcement would be reliable if it were based on indpendent secured evidence

Front 529

as orginaly presented in the constitution, the bill of rights

Back 529

limited only the power of national government, not that of the states

Front 530

the 14th amendment

Back 530

applied the bill of rights to the states

Front 531

this applied the bill of rights to the states

Back 531

the 14th amendment

Front 532

prior restraint is defined as

Back 532

restraining an activity before that activity has actually occured

Front 533

gag orders have been used to

Back 533

restrict the publication of news about a trial in progress

Front 534

the great balancing act: the rights of the accused versus the rights of society. limits on conduct of police and prosecutors include no

Back 534

unreasonable or unwarranted searches or seizures

Front 535

personal opinion on the imporance of freedom of speech, press, and expression

Back 535

freedom of speech is imporant because it allows us to be closer to the gobernment and the government is informed on issues of the people. Freedom of speeh also allows us to not be individuals different of one another and farther away from a totalitarian government

Front 536

5 different types of speeches

Back 536

academic, political, regular, commercial, and symbolic

Front 537

academic speech

Back 537

for colleges, public education

Front 538

speech for everyone

Back 538

regular speech

Front 539

advertisement or junkmail is this type of speech

Back 539

commercial speech

Front 540

nonverbal actions / bumper stickers is this type of speech

Back 540

symbolic speech

Front 541

the right to know

Back 541

freedom of info, right to get info from different sources

classified and non classified

Front 542

political speech

Back 542

during campaign and election

Front 543

right to access

Back 543

for media, journalists, news anchors

Front 544

miller vs ca 73 major points

Back 544

- the local government describes what is consdiered obcene

-something must be offensive

- average people have right to describe what is acceptable or not

- something must be valueless

Front 545

libel

Back 545

defamation by writingd

Front 546

defamation

Back 546

destroy character of someone, falsilfy something

Front 547

slander

Back 547

defame by speech

Front 548

sedition

Back 548

an illegal at against gb

Front 549

an illegal act against gov

Back 549

sedition

Front 550

speech

Back 550

verbl expression

-personal opinion

-limited audience

-slander

Front 551

press

Back 551

-written expression

-oranixational statement

-large audience

-libel

Front 552

supreme court cases regarding prayer in schools

Back 552

allows individuals to practice their own religion

Front 553

how the right of privacy evolved into the issue of abortion

Back 553

the right of privacy has evolved into the issue of abortion because privacy is seen as the ability of a woman to decide what happens to her own body but with all of the government restriction put on abortion it is in debate with the right to privacy

Front 554

the right to know

Back 554

belongs to the people (everyone)

Front 555

the right to access

Back 555

belongs to the media

Front 556

freedom of info

Back 556

rightto get infor from different soures

Front 557

the legal problems that have developed since roe vs wade

Back 557

there have been restriction put on abortions, like who can preform abortions, when life begins, and banning partial term abortion

Front 558

life begins with

Back 558

conception

Front 559

why is the seperation of church and state very imporant

Back 559

- so that no church gains to much power

- so that gov doesnt act like church

-so that church doesnt act like gov

so there is equality

Front 560

a method for adjusting of money that states must put up to reveice federal funds

Back 560

matching funds

Front 561

a system of government which states and national government remain supreme within their own spheres

Back 561

dual federalism

Front 562

dual federalism

Back 562

a system of gov which states and national gov remain supreme withing their own spheres

Front 563

a theory that states and national gov should cooperate in solving problems

Back 563

cooperative federalism

Front 564

an order issued by a court to compel or restrain the performance of an act by individuals or govvernment officials

Back 564

injunction

Front 565

injunction

Back 565

an order issued by a court to compel or restrain the performance of an act by individuals or govvernment officials

Front 566

the act of withdrawing from a membership in an alliance, the withdrawl of a state from the federal union

Back 566

succession

Front 567

succession

Back 567

the act of withdrawing from a membership in an alliance, the withdrawl of a state from the federal union

Front 568

states claimed that a state had tthe right to declare a national law to be null and void

Back 568

nullification

Front 569

nullification

Back 569

legal theory that states claimed to have the right to declare a national law to be null and boid

- never been upheld by federal courts

Front 570

a requirement in federal legilation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules

Back 570

federal mandate

Front 571

federal mandate

Back 571

a requirement in federal legilation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules

Front 572

a plan to restore the powers of the states

Back 572

new federalism

Front 573

new federalism

Back 573

a plan to restore the powers of the states

Front 574

the powers of the us congress to regulate the trade among the states

Back 574

commerce clause

Front 575

commerce clause

Back 575

the powers of the us congress to regulate the trade among the states

Front 576

the constitution provision that states should resspect the laws and court decisions of other states

Back 576

full faith and credit clause

Front 577

full faith and credit clause

Back 577

the constitution provision that states should resspect the laws and court decisions of other states

Front 578

to return a futitive criminal to the jurisditction of the accusing state

Back 578

extradite

Front 579

special rights and exceptions provdied by the law

Back 579

imunities and priveleges

Front 580

immunities and priveleges

Back 580

special rights and eceptions provided by the law

Front 581

an agreement between wo or more states

Back 581

interstate compact

Front 582

the constitutional provision that makes the constitution and federal laws superior to all state and local laws

Back 582

supremacy clause

Front 583

activities, problems and policies that require state governments to interact with one another

Back 583

horizontal fedralism

Front 584

the authorities to legislate for protection of the health, moral, safety, and welfare ot the people

Back 584

police power

Front 585

police power

Back 585

the authorities to legislate for protection of the health, moral, safety, and welfare ot the people

Front 586

powers held jointly by natinoal and state governments

Back 586

concurret powers

Front 587

powers specifically granted by the constitution to the natinoal government

Back 587

enumerated or delegated powers

Front 588

these powers granted to the national government to do whatever is neccesary to execute its delegated powers

Back 588

elastic clause

Front 589

a system of govenment that cetral government has limited powers over states

Back 589

confederation

Front 590

a system of government that states and subdvisionsal government exercise only those powers granted to them by the national government

Back 590

unitary system

Front 591

a system of government which political powers divided betweens tates and national gov

Back 591

federal system

Front 592

programs which require that states must provide 10-50% of the fund

Back 592

equilization

Front 593

equilization

Back 593

programs which require that states must provide 10-50% of the fund

Front 594

an order issued by a court to compel or restrain the performance of an act by individuals or government officals is known as

Back 594

injunction

Front 595

a judicial order that restrains a person of partaking in actions that are threatening or ivading the legal right of another

Back 595

injunction

Front 596

the act of withdrawing from an alliance is called

Back 596

succession

Front 597

a requirement in federal legislature that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules is known as

Back 597

federal mandate

Front 598

a plan to restore the powers of the states is a movement towardsc

Back 598

confederation

Front 599

the power of the us congress to regulate the trade relations among the states is called

Back 599

interstate commerce clause

Front 600

the constitution provision that states should respect the laws and court decisions of other states is called

Back 600

full faith and credit clause

Front 601

to reurn a fugitive criminal to the jurisdiction of the accusing state is known as

Back 601

extradition

Front 602

an agreement between two or more states is called

Back 602

interstate compact

Front 603

the supremacy clause means that

Back 603

the constitution is the supreme law of the nation

Front 604

the powers held jointly by national and state governments is called

Back 604

concurrent power

Front 605

delegated power means that owers exclusively granted to the

Back 605

national government

Front 606

the powers granted to the national government to do whatever is necessary to execute its delegated powers are known as

Back 606

elastic clause

Front 607

a system of govenment that central government has limited powers over states is known as

Back 607

confederation

Front 608

a system of government which political powers divided between states and national government is called

Back 608

federal system

Front 609

a system of government which states and national government remain supreme within their own spheres is known as

Back 609

dual federalism

Front 610

federal governments

Back 610

- has two levels of government federal and state, they both share alot of similarites

-

Front 611

similaritis between prz and governor of state

Back 611

can both veto, both chief commander, both give state of ___ speech

Front 612

the 3 advantages of a federal system

Back 612

diversity, political activism, and experimentation

Front 613

elastic and commerce clauses expanded the powers of the federal government by

Back 613

allowing the constitution aka the supreme law to be applicable to situations that the founding fathers would have never thought of

- elastic clause allows congress to make any laws neccessary

-commerce clause has been used to justify the use of federal laws that do not implicate trade

Front 614

how have civil war amendments expanded the powers of the federal government

Back 614

13,14,and 15th amendments gave freedom to slaves, citizenshpi to former slaves, and right to vote for former slaves. increased participation and gave more powers to national gov

-could now tax everyone and enforce laws to all states and people

Front 615

how have social and economic changes expanded the powers of the federal government

Back 615

gave more powers to the federal government because the government can regulate things such as technology, airlines, railroads, highways, and size of military

Front 616

grant in aids role in the expansion of the federal government

Back 616

federal government receives more taxes so they have more money and fund state governments. states then have to obide by certain rules making the federal gov more powerful

Front 617

confederation

Back 617

association of independent states

Front 618

unitary system

Back 618

only level of gov

-major power in central gov

ex. china, england

Front 619

dual federalism

Back 619

system where states and anitonal gov have equal powers

Front 620

cooperative federalism

Back 620

system where state and national gov cooperate to solve problems

Front 621

horizontal federalism

Back 621

system where states must interact with each other

-extradite

Front 622

competitive federalism

Back 622

a. federal and state government are seeking more powers

b. states are competing with each other for more power

Front 623

the three different models for organizing relations between a central gov and local or sub divisional gov and the advantages of each

Back 623

confederate- individual states can have their own personal laws, can make local laws

federal system- equal amount of power among federal and state governments, encourages political activism, experimentation, and diversity

unitary system- central government is strong , uniform laws, foreign policy and national defense policy are handled easily

Front 624

concurrent powers

Back 624

powers shared by federal and state governments

ex. impose taxes, borrow money, and law enforcement, and milita

Front 625

the struggle over the roles of government resulted in the civil war; imporant issues of the confederalists and the unionists. impact of the civil war on the structure of the government

Back 625

confederalists= wanted slavery

unionists= didnt want slavery

- the civil war affected the government by reconstructing and restoring national unity and guaranteeing civil rights to the freed slaves

Front 626

an international agreement between chiefs of state that does not require a legilsative sanction

Back 626

executive agreement

Front 627

executive agreement

Back 627

an international agreement between chiefs of state that does not require a legilsative sanction

Front 628

the pwoer of the us supreme court or any other federal court to declare a federal or any state law unconstitutional

Back 628

judicial review

Front 629

formal approval

Back 629

ratification

Front 630

the people who were in favor of the creation of a new constitution in 1787

Back 630

federalists

Front 631

the principle of dividing powers aomng the three branches og government

Back 631

seperation of power

Front 632

a group of people occuping a specfic area and organized under one government may be either a nation or subuint of nation

Back 632

state

Front 633

state

Back 633

a group of people occuping a specfic area and organized under one government may be either a nation or subuint of nation

Front 634

rights inherent in natural law

Back 634

natural rights

Front 635

an indivdual who opposed the ratification of the new constitution in 1787

Back 635

anti federalists

Front 636

legislature with only one chamber

Back 636

unicameral legislature

Front 637

a system of government with the ultimate power vested in the state or regional government except those powers delegated to the national government

Back 637

confederation

Front 638

a legislature with two legislative bodies

Back 638

bicameral legislature

Front 639

a doctrine that asserts the superiority of national law over state or regional laws

Back 639

supremacy doctrine

Front 640

a combination of the new jersey and virginia plans and called the connecticut plan

Back 640

great compromise

Front 641

a model of government devised by james madison in which the powers of government are divided between the judicary, execive, and egislative branches of government

Back 641

madisonian model

Front 642

madisonian model

Back 642

powers of government divdied between judiciary, executive, and legislative branches

Front 643

a major principle of american system whereby each branch of government exercises a check on the actions of others

Back 643

checks and balances

Front 644

the articles of confederation was

Back 644

rules for an association of essentially soverign states

Front 645

the concept of seperation of power was included in the constitution to prevent

Back 645

tyranny of any kind

Front 646

tyranny

Back 646

dictatorship

Front 647

the federalist papers were

Back 647

an attempt to define the constitution and a republican form of government

Front 648

constitutional amendments must be ratified by

Back 648

legislature or conventions in three fourths of the states

Front 649

examples of constitutional interpretation that hve changed over time include

Back 649

the interstate commerce clause and bill of rights

Front 650

the tax called taxatio without representation was

Back 650

the stamp act

Front 651

the major reason for the creation of the mayflower compact was

Back 651

to establish a structure for civil disobedience

Front 652

thomas paines pamplet common sense advocated the

Back 652

idea that a government of our own is our natural right

Front 653

this advocated the idea that a government of our own is our natural right

Back 653

thomas paines pamplet common sense

Front 654

confederation means

Back 654

a voluntary association of independent states

Front 655

according to john locke the purpose of government is to

Back 655

protect peoples natural rights

Front 656

a voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules is called

Back 656

a social contract

Front 657

republicans were not oppose to

Back 657

the authority of legislatures

Front 658

state government in the revolutionary war period and later

Back 658

concentrated power in the legislature

Front 659

the major reason for the creation of the articles of confederation was

Back 659

fear of a powerful central government

Front 660

under the articles of confederation, congress had the power to

Back 660

regulate foreign afffairs

Front 661

the constitution gave the people

Back 661

a republican or represetnative government

Front 662

in resposne to the federalist papers, the anti federalists argued for

Back 662

bill of rights

Front 663

the formal amdnment process allows

Back 663

a difficult procedure that makes amendment unlikely

Front 664

informal methods of consituttional change include

Back 664

interpretation by both congress and the president

Front 665

according to federalist papers, it is imporant to guard the society against the oppresion of

Back 665

the rulers and the majority

-protect minorities against oppresion of majority

Front 666

connecticut plan

Back 666

the great compromise

Front 667

virginia plan

Back 667

by population

house

Front 668

new jersey plan

Back 668

equal

senate

Front 669

the federal papers

Back 669

an attempt to explain and get support for the constitution written by hamilton, amdison, and jay

Front 670

bill of rights

Back 670

protect the rights of citizens and reject central overnment from getting too powerful

Front 671

passed by 2/3

Back 671

us congress in both chambers or special convention at national level

Front 672

ratified by

Back 672

3/4 state legilsators or state conventions

Front 673

articles vs constitution

Back 673

lack of funds for milita led to taxes imposed for military in constitution

Front 674

historical experiences reflected in articls

Back 674

just had broken free from a strong central gov (england) so wanted indpendence

Front 675

historical experiences reflected in constitution

Back 675

the articles proved faulty so made a central govenment tobe as a foundation to the states

Front 676

the declaration reflections of natural rights and social contract

Back 676

the declaration states several rights that are inherent to individuals so that the government cannot strip the citizens of them and become too powerful which is what the confederalists or anti federalists wanted

social contract to have all states join together which is what federalists wanted

Front 677

why 3 branches of gobernment

Back 677

the framers didnt want anyone branch of the gov to get too pwoerful. advantages is that a totalitarianship would not occur yet the seperation makes severl processes much longer than they need to be

Front 678

us constitution vs articles

Back 678

constitution=

-fed system

-50 states

-unifiedcurrency

-unified military

-bicamaral

-dependent

articles=

-confederation

-13 states

- different currencies

-state militia

-unicamaral

-independent/ soveriegn

Front 679

rights to be inherent in natural law and not dependent on government such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Back 679

inalienable rights

Front 680

the concept that the ultimate power rests with the people

Back 680

popular sovereignity

Front 681

a theory that view politics as a conflict and political decisions made by bargaining and compromise

Back 681

pluralism

Front 682

pluralism

Back 682

a theory that view politics as a conflict and political decisions made by bargaining and compromise

Front 683

the collection of beliefs and attitudes toward government political institutions and political process

Back 683

political culture

Front 684

the process though which individuals learn a set of political attidues and form opinions about social issues

Back 684

political socialization

Front 685

political socialization

Back 685

the process though which individuals learn a set of political attidues and form opinions about social issues

Front 686

political culture

Back 686

the collection of beliefs and attitudes toward government political institutions and political process

Front 687

the rights of all adults to vote for their representative

Back 687

universal sufferage

Front 688

a form of government which soveriengty rests with the people who elect their representatitves

Back 688

republic

Front 689

a formm of government in which the representatitive are elected by the people to make and enforce laws and policies

Back 689

representative democracy

Front 690

representative democracy

Back 690

the collection of beliefs and attitudes toward government political institutions and political process

Front 691

the procedure allowing the people to dismiss an elected official from office before his term is expired

Back 691

recall

Front 692

recall

Back 692

the procedure allowing the people to dismiss an elected official from office before his term is expired

Front 693

a system in which political decisions are made by the people directly

Back 693

direct democracy

Front 694

an act of referring legislative or constitutional measures to the people for approval or disapproval

Back 694

referendum

Front 695

the condition of having no law and no government

Back 695

anarchy

Front 696

referendum

Back 696

an act of referring legislative or constitutional measures to the people for approval or disapproval

Front 697

a system of government that the ultimate power vested in the peopled

Back 697

democracy

Front 698

a procedure by which the voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment

Back 698

initiative

Front 699

initiative

Back 699

a procedure by which the voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment

Front 700

the feature of a leader or institution that compel obedience

Back 700

authority

Front 701

the ability to cause others to modify their behavior and to confrm what the power holder wants

Back 701

power

Front 702

a form of government that controls all aspects of the social and political life of the people

Back 702

totalitarian regime

Front 703

rule by the best suited through virtue, talent or education

Back 703

aristocracy

Front 704

aristocracy

Back 704

rule by the best suited through virtue, talent or education

Front 705

oligarchy

Back 705

rule by the elites who genrally make decisions to benefit their own group

Front 706

rule by the elites who genrally make decisions to benefit their own group

Back 706

oligarchy

Front 707

an insitution where the political power is exercised

Back 707

government

Front 708

the art or science of goernment

Back 708

politics

Front 709

the status that hte people believe that the government actions are legitimate, appropriate, and rightful and require the obedience of the citizens

Back 709

legitimacy

Front 710

the acceptance and carrying out authrities decisions

Back 710

compliance

Front 711

the ideas that the government and laws derive their legitamacy from the consent of the people

Back 711

consent of the people

Front 712

the theory that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of the nature and can be understood by reasonn

Back 712

social contract theory

Front 713

social contract theory

Back 713

the theory that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of the nature and can be understood by reasonn

Front 714

the belief that all the people are free and equal by god and in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed

Back 714

natural law

Front 715

the economy that the market regulats the prices, wages, products and so on

Back 715

free market economy

Front 716

the system that favors private control of buisness and minimal government regulation of private industry

Back 716

capitalism

Front 717

capitalism

Back 717

the system that favors private control of buisness and minimal government regulation of private industry

Front 718

individual set of value andbelief about the purpose and scope of government

Back 718

political idealogy

Front 719

the process through which individuals learna set of political attitidues and form opinions about social issues is called

Back 719

political socialization

Front 720

the rights of all adults to vote for their representatives is called

Back 720

universal sufferage

Front 721

recall

Back 721

the procedure allwing the people to dismiss elected officals fromoffice before his term is expired is called

Front 722

a form of government that control asll aspects of the social and political life of the people

Back 722

totalitarianism

Front 723

the condition of having no law and no government is reffered to as

Back 723

anarachy

Front 724

the art or science of government is called

Back 724

politics

Front 725

in califronia we have

Back 725

both direct and indirect democracies

Front 726

according to scholars politics is

Back 726

-who get what, when, and how

- the authoritative allocation of values

Front 727

harold lasswell defined politics as who gets what, when, and how. this definition implies that

Back 727

-people are in conflict over values

-society needs to have a set of procedures to resolve the questions of who gets what

Front 728

government is

Back 728

an institution that makes rules

Front 729

it becomes necessary to establish a government when

Back 729

society reaches a certain level of complexity

Front 730

the american and french revolution shared a goal of

Back 730

government with the consent of the people

Front 731

a republic is a

Back 731

indirect deomcracy

Front 732

an indirect deomcracy

Back 732

a republic

Front 733

in the pluralist view, politics is

Back 733

the struggle among groups to gain benefits for their members

Front 734

active government control of the major economic sector is called

Back 734

socialism

Front 735

advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals is called

Back 735

liberalism

Front 736

liberalism

Back 736

advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals is called

Front 737

advocacy of a liited role for the national government in helping individuals is called

Back 737

conservatism

Front 738

placing high value on total equality and security is a characteristic of

Back 738

marxism leninism

Front 739

divided government is

Back 739

when the executive is f one party and the congress is of other

Front 740

why do we need a government

Back 740

to provide social service

law and order

to defend the nation

to ensure justice

Front 741

social service examples

Back 741

health care, transportaion, environmental protection

Front 742

the people rule

Back 742

democracy

Front 743

the people directly vote on issues

Back 743

direct democracy

Front 744

representatives for the votes of the people

Back 744

indirect democracy

Front 745

what are the four advantages of a democracy

Back 745

-peaceful transfer of power

-freedom of speec, press and expression

-checks and balances (judicial review, veto, impeach)

-effective relationships between gov and the people

Front 746

main points of the declaration of independence

Back 746

jefferson 1776

- human rights declaration (basic rights:life, lib, and pursuit of happiness)

- revoulitionary declaration (telling people they have the right to change gov)

- independence gov (13 colonies free)

Front 747

revolutionary declaration tells people

Back 747

they have the right to change the government

Front 748

purpose of checks and balances

Back 748

so that no branch of government has too much power

Front 749

judicial check

Back 749

judicial review

Front 750

executive check

Back 750

veto

Front 751

legislative check

Back 751

impeach

Front 752

ancient democracy

Back 752

-not all could vote

-direct democracy

Front 753

contemporary democracy

Back 753

-indirect democracy

-for large nations

-universal sufferage

Front 754

ancient or comtemporary deomcracy has universal sufferage

Back 754

contemporary

Front 755

10 human rights

Back 755

-freedom of speech

-civil rights

-right to equality

-right ot life, liberyt, and property

-right to marriage and family

-right to peaceful assemby

-righ to rest and leisure

-right to work

-right to education

- right to adeuate living standard