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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are three fundamental elements of a democracy?
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Popular sovereignty, political equality, and political liberty
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The three P's
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What position does your authors take in the Struggle for Democracy regarding the majority tyranny?
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The majority violated the citizenship of a minority. "Threatens Liberty"
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What is the supremacy clause? Where and in what document can it be found?
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The constitution and laws of the US shall be "the supreme law of the land". Found in Article 6 Section 2
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takes precedence over state laws
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In 1913, Charles Beard wrote a provocative book about the Framers. What did he argue?
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Broad economic and social class motives were at work in shaping the actions of the framers. (Protected their immediate/personal economic interest.)
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Who were the Federalists? What did they believe in?
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Political party of Hamilton, Washington, and Adams. (Supported the Constitution)
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How many of the original thirteen states had to approve an amendment to the Articles of Confederation before the amendment passed?
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All 13
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What is the so-called "loophole" regarding ratification refer to?
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Out of 13 states, only 9 had to approve
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What form of government do most countries operate under?
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Unitary Government
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What was America's first written, national constitution?
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Articles of Confederation
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What does selective incorporation refer to?
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protecting the Bill of Rights when it comes to the states.
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What are some arguments in favor of federalism?
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Diversity needs, closeness to the people, experimentation, and innovation.
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4 arguments
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What are some arguments against federalism?
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National standards, popular control, and needs for uniformity.
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3 arguments
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What are interstate compacts? Why did the Framers include them in the Constitution?
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Agreements among states to cooperate on solving problems. Congress approves. Framers wanted to prevents coalitions of states.
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What were some of the political consequences of the dynamic US economy of the 1990's?
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economic growth and low inflation fueled job creation. For the former was exciting-lucrative. Latter routine poor pay, layoffs, part-time. Income inequality. (rich got richer/poor got poorer)
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Why are political opinion polls important to democracy?
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The voice of the people can be heard.
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Can political opinion polls accurately reveal the mood of the public?
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If it is randomly sampled
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What is the minimum number of participants required for a reliable poll?
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1,000 people, randomly sampled
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What is political efficacy?
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The feeling that no one can affect what the government does.
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What does party identification refer to?
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The sense of belonging to one or another political party.
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What are the Pentagon Papers?
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A secret defense department history of the US's involvement in Vietnam.
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Vietnam
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What does the term "rally around the flag" refer to?
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People getting together when there is a national tragedy.
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Example 9/11
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How does the media usually report foreign affairs? Do they tend to run stories that compliment or go against US policies?
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Takes a pro-American, patriotic point of view, favoring the US
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What are the rules of "objective" journalism?
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Reporter cannot be quoted directly, staged events, and no explicit interpretations.
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What is an interest group?
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Group that conveys and defends the interests of the individuals/groups to public officials.
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What is a lobbyist? What is the most important aspect of lobbying?
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A person that tries to convey views to a decision maker. Getting the decision maker to vote the provision.
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What is "standing"? What interest group strategy does it affect?
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Ability to sue because someone is directly affected by the issue.
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What is the difference between public and private interest groups?
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Public= general welfare of community
Private=benefits a fraction of community (members only) |
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What does disturbance theory refer to?
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Origin of interest group changes to threaten the well-being of some of the population.
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What is the main concern of American labor unions?
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Protect the jobs of their members and secure maximum wages and benefits.
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What is an "iron triangle"?
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An alliance of a private interest group with an agency in the executive branch. Protect and advances government programs that benefit members.
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What is the perspective of your authors regarding corporate political power?
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When business is both mobilized and unified, its political power can be formidable.
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Bad econ.times= people want to get the economy going, no undertaking reforms.
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Before Congress passed the Seventeenth Amendment, how were US senators selected?
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They were chosen directly by the voters.
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How many members are there in Congress?
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535
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What is the difference between the delegate and trustee styles of representation?
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A delegate mirrors the views of the constituents, a trustee acts independently, using own judgment.
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Are major parties candidate or party centered?
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candidate centered
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How long has the US been a two party system?
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1836
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Answer is a Year.
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What does party realignment mean?
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Means that one party elects another as the dominant.
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What was the main difference between Prop. 78 and 79?
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Prop 78; voluntarily discounts medicine, where as Prop 79 makes it mandatory.
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What is president Theodore Roosevelt remembered for?
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He enhanced the power of presidency.
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What is the basic definition of the federal bureaucracy?
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The totality of the departments and agencies of the executive branch of the national government.
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What is a whistleblower?
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People who bring official misconduct in their agencies to public attention.
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What is judicial review?
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The power of the Supreme court to declare actions of the other branches and levels of government unconstitutional.
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Does the constitution explicitly discuss judicial review?
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NO!
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Why are the court's dissenting opinions important?
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In the future, it becomes the basis for Court majorities.
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How long do oral arguments before the Supreme court last?
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30 minutes
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What norms does the Supreme Court operate on?
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secrecy, seniority, adherence to precedent
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What is due process?
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14th amendment that prohibits states from depriving anyone of "life, liberty, or property" a guarantee againast unfair government action.
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What amendments are known as the Civil War amendments? What did they do?
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13=outlawed slavery
14=black or white, citizens of US and the state they came from 15=African American men the right to vote |
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What happened in Harris v. Forklift?
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Workers do not have to prove that offensive actions make them unable to do their jobs, only if environment is hostile or abusive.
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What did the American with Disabilities Act of 1990 do?
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Prohibits employment discrimination and requires that reasonable efforts be made to make places accessible to the disabled.
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What happened in the 1930's that made it clear to most people that the market economy would suffer periodic changes?
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The Great Depression
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Do most government in modern capitalist societies play a substantial role in managing and directing their economies?
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No they let them solve themselves "naturally"
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What is a social welfare state?
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programs that protect the minimum standards of living families and individuals against loss of income due to economic instability, old age, illness, etc.
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What is the objective of macroeconomic policy?
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encouage economic growth, low employment, and stable prices
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What do government fiscal policies involve?
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Government spending and taxes
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What did Pres. Bush say about consulting America's allies in his 2002 State of the Union address?
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The dramatic shift in American Foreign policy. Vowed to continue no matter the cost in war.
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How much influence does the general public have on foreign policymaking?
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Public is more concerned with domestic issues other than foreign issues. Role with trade, immigration, environment, and corporate behavior=public important
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What other countries were involved in negotiations over The North American Free Trade Agreement?
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Canada and Mexico
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Where does the US stand in terms of the number of weapons it sells every year?
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Number 1
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Who is the commander-in-chief of the US armed forces?
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The President of the US
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What department runs American emassies abroad?
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The Defense Department
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What area does Congress play a more active role in, foreign or domestic affairs?
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domestic affairs
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Does foreign policy usually correspond with what the public wants?
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Not usually, but high involvement of the public in general and in interest groups helped shape foreign policy.
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What did the Ninth District Court of Appearls recently decide regarding the Pledge of Allegiance and parental rights?
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Unconstitutional to say under God in the pledge of allegiance. Parents are not the sole distributors of sex info to children.
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Marbury v. Madison (1803)
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Power of Judicial Review. Precedent important, supreme court no power.
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Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
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Right to counsel, 6th amendment passed and his rights were violated (The movie)
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Betts v. Brady (1962)
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Overturned bc/ of Gideon v. Wainwright. Entitled to counsel, but states determine circumstances.
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Justice Black
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desented in Betts v. Brady. Did not agree bc/ validity is important.
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Miller v. California (1973)
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3 pt. test, is naked body art or porn? Freedom of expression (1st amendment)
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Justice Potter Steward
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"I know it when I see it."
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Texas v. Johnson (1989)
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Freedom of expression, ok to burn the flag
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Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
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unconstitutional, gay rights, breaking/entering house. discriminatory bc/ of right to privacy.
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Kelo v. City of New London (2005)
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5-4, give land to priv. developer with eminent domain (best outlook for community)
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