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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"What is government itself but the greatest of all reflections of human nature?"
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James Madison
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"Men should not think it slavery to live to according to the rule of the government for it is their salvation."
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Aristotle
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Politics is derived from the word ____ which means ____
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Polis; The city or a place where groups of people come together
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Earliest meaning of Polis from Ancient Greek
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The walled fortress or fortified place
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AcroPOLIS
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High City or Highest City; upon a plateau
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Translated as "the laboring class," the poor, or the lower class.
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Demos
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Politics is close to the Greek word _____ translated as ______. Also the word ______ as ______
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Politics is close to the Greek word POLITIKOS translated as THE LAWMAKERS Also the word POLITEIA as CONSTITUTION.
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"Man is by nature a political animal and it is a characteristic of man that he alone has any sense of good and evil, just and unjust."
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Aristotle on politics
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"Who gets what, when, and how."
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Harold D. Lasswell's definition of politics
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"The process of transforming conflict into compromise."
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Dr. Novotny's defintion of politics
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Politics arises from differences in opinion on specific issues which includes, but is not limited to:
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The allocation of limited or scarce resources
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"To govern is to choose."
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John F. Kennedy
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"It gennerally considered obvious that government should not, indeed, cannot legislate morality. But, infact, it does so frequently, it should do so more often, and it never does anything more important."
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George F. Will
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Congress shall make no law inhibiting ______
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Rights
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Congress shall make no law inhibiting ______
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Rights
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A protection by and responsibility to government
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Voting
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Citizenship is the right to protections _____ and _____ government.
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BY and FROM
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Constituting 44% of 2007's federal budget.
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Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security.
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It is the responsibility of citizens to any government policy that "imposes the most severe burdens on the neediest."
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Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens
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"Justice is the bond of men."
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Aristotle
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"No government can long stand which is not founded upon justice."
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Aristotle
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"An injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
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MLK Jr.
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"Justice is the end of government. It always has been and it always will be."
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James Madison
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"Equal Justice Under Law"
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Thomas Jefferson
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Country with the oldest surviving constitution. 2nd Oldest.
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USA; Norway
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The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union lasted from ______
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March 1781 to March 1789
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Properties of the Confederation
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unicameral legislature with each state having one vote and unanimous agreements necessary. A weak president and no judicial branch or Bill of Rights.
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Cofederation had a currency but...
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7/13 majority of states had their own and could not be stopped. It could also not put tariffs on imports.
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Fighting over state boundaries as well the AoC was described as...
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"on the brink of disaster"
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Virginia proposed what?
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A president chosen by the senate, a judicial branch also by the senate, and a bicameral congress with the house selecting the senate.
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New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland and New York proposed to...
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"Revise, correct, and enlarge" the AoC
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The Connecticut compromise created...
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The popularly elected House of Representatives and the Senate with 2 senators for each state elected by the state legislatures.
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Before the Great Compromise what was agreed?
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slaves count as 3/5 of population in determining number of seats for a state in House of Reps. 5 states had already abolished slaves before this.
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The Constitutional Constitution stipulated this about slaves.
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No ban on slave trade until a decade into the future.
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George Mason described slavery as...
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"a slow poison"
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Left the convention at request of governor of NY, George Clinton.
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John Lansing and Robert Yates
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NY left the convetion because...
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Wanted land grabs, tariffs, and to hold the constitution convention in NY.
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Maryland's delegates that left the convention.
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John Mercer and Luther Martin
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Why Maryland's reps left the constitutional convention
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3/5's compromise, only 9/13 needed to ratify, lack of a bill of rights, and concern over supreme court
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Number of states left at end of constitutional convention
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11 of 13
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What James Madison called "the most difficult branch"
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presidency
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One statement of constitutional convention released.
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"We have never once thought of a king."
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3 of 41 delgates that did not sign
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George Mason, Edmund Randolph, Elbridge Gerry
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Why the 3 delegates didn't sign the Constitution.
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lack of specific protections from government, slave trade issue, power of the presidency and it's pardons, treaties (wanted both houses to approve)
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In favor of ratification of the constitution
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Federalists
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Those against ratification of the constitution
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Anti-Federalists
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Anti-Federalist views
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favored more state powers, term limits, worried about bicameralism, wanted recall elections, bill of rights
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"Where annual elections end, slavery begins."
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Anti-Federalist Pamphlet
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"There never was a government over a very extensive country without destroying the liberties of the people."
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George Mason
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Authors of the Federalist Papers
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John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
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1st state to demand a bill of rights, followed by these other two.
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Massachusetts then Virginia and New York
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Rejected the constitution demanding a bill of rights
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North Carolina
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First to propose a Bill of Rights
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Charles Pinkney
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Arguments against the Bill of Rights
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11/13 already had one
no Bill of Rights under the constitution too late |
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"A Bill of Rights is not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution but would even be dangerous."
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Alexander Hamilton
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"What liberties are protected by your imaginary balances, by your rediculous checks and contrivances?"
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Patrick Henry
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"I smell a rat."
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Patrick Henry
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"A Bill of Rights is what people are entitled to against every government and what no just government should refuse."
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Thomas Jefferson
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Called the Bill of Rights a "distraction," "Not important," and a "dangerous alteration to the Constitution". Then said "Circumstances are now changed."
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James Madison
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Called upon congress to add the Bill of Rights to the Constitution and started the debate
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James Madison
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Civil liberties are protections ____ the government.
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From
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Civil rights are protections ____ the government.
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By
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"It is of great importance not only to guard a society against oppression of its rulers but to guard against the oppression of the other part."
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James Madison
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"Great is the guilt of an unnecessary war."
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John Adams
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Signed by John Adams, it forbade "unlawful assembly" and made "writings or defaming or bringing the government into contempt," illegal.
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The Sedition Act
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Representative from Vermont that was jailed under the Sedition Act and reelected from his cell.
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Matthew Lyon
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Made it illegal to interfere with the draft or cause disloyalty.
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Espionage Act
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Socialist that ran for president from prison.
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Eugene Dennis
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Created after the arrest of over 4000 under the Sedition Act
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ACLU
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"He who would make his own liberty secure must guard even his own enemy from oppression"
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Thomas Paine
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The Supreme Court's refusal to apply the Bill of Rights to state and local gov'ts became known as...
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dual citizenship
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Passed after the McKinley assassination it outlawed "public expressions that government should be overthrown by force or violence"
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New York's Criminal Anarchy Act
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Jailed under Criminal Anarchy Act for "exciting the citizens of New York to hatred and contempt of the government" in his newspaper, The Revolutionary Age.
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Benjamin Gitlow
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Case that held the 1st ammendment applied to the states as well and overturned the Criminal Anarchy Act. Also became referred to as this as well: ______
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Gitlow vs the State of New York; The 2nd Constitutional Revolution
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The Supreme Court overturned his 18 year sentence, on 1st amendment grounds, under a Georgia law for distributing Communist Party literature in Atlanta
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Angelo Herndon
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Case where the 4th amendment of warrentless searches became applied to states
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Mapp vs Ohio
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Case where the 5th amendment of protection from self incrimination now would apply to states
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Miranda vs Arizona
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Connecticut law made it illegal to sell...
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contraceptives
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Arrested for prescribing "the pill" in New Haven, CT at Planned Parenthood offices.
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Estelle Griswald and Dr. Lee Buxton
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Established a "right to privacy"
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Griswald vs Connecticut
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Basis of Griswald vs Connecticut 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th zones of privacy
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1. right to assembly
3. quartering 4. warrentless searches 5. private property and self incrimination |
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"We deal with a right to privacy older than the Bill of Rights"
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Supreme Court Justice William Douglass
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"No soldier has been quartered in any house. There has been no warrantless search and seizure. No one has been compelled to witness against themselves"
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Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart
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Struck down laws making abortions illegal.
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Roe vs. Wade
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Signed the Privacy Act and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Amendments (FERPA)
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Gerald Ford
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19th amendment
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womens rights
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24th amendment
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no poll taxs
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26th amendment
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18 year vote age
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14th amendment
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due process
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was the 1st check on the states "No state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law nor deny equal protection of law."
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14th amendment
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Made public venues for everyone, and no jury discrimination on race. No mention on education.
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Civil Rights Act of 1875
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"They have promised us law and abandoned us to anarchy"
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Frederick Douglass
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"The amendments to the Constitution are a cruel, scandalous, and colossal sham, keeping the promise to the eye and breaking it to the heart."
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Frederick Douglass
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Made the Civil Rights Act of 1875 "void and unconstitutional"
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Robinson vs the Memphis Railroad Company
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separate but equal case
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Plessy vs Ferguson
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Georgia established this for voting
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Literacy or Constitution Test
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Georgia's racist primary
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White Democratic Party Primary
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Formed in NY by 60 black and white leaders
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NAACP
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First case won by NAACP and ended the whites only primary
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Smith vs Allwright
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Ended segregation in armed forces and military base schools
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Exective Order 9981
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Reversed Plessy vs Fergusson separate but equal
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Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka
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"This is a step towards national suicide."
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GA Governor reaction to Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka
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Introduce his Civil Rights Bill as a "moral cause". It was stuck in congressional debate and caused the march on Washington
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Kennedy
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Ended discrimination in public facilities and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Atlanta Motel vs the US
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Called for by LBJ after "Bloody Sunday" in Selma, Alabama.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Ended interracial marriage discrimination
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Loving vs Virginia
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Signed into law by George H.W. Bush. One of the most drastic of the century.
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Americans With Disabilites Act
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"If men were angels no government would be necessary."
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James Madison
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Proposed laws or policy thru referrenda
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initiatives
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law place on ballot by citizen petition
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referenda
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Energized calls to reevaluate the Articles of Confederation and gave strong impetus to the Constitutional Convention.
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Shay's Rebellion
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Authority to strike down unconstitutional law
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Judicial Review
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Series of essays defending the constitution under "Publius"
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the Federalist Papers
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Congress can use the federal budget to expan its influence
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South Dakota vs Dole
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Gives congress great flexability in carring out is ennumerated powers to make all laws necessary to carry out its delegated powers
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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When the national government imposes regulation without covering the costs
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Unfunded Mandates
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Free speech does not extend to messages posing a "clear and present danger"
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Schenk vs US
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Libel convictions require knowing false statements or reckless disreguard for the truth
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NY Times Company vs Sullivan
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Improperly obtained evidence cannot be presented during a trial
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Exclusionary Rule
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Police need a warrant to scan a house with thermal imaging devices.
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Kyllo vs US
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All citizens require access to proper legal advice
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Gideon vs Wainwright
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State laws that segregated the races
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Jim Crowe Laws
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NAACP's leading attorney and 1st black Supreme Court Justice
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Thurgood Marshall
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