Poli Sci Test 4

Front 1

Judge Jones; demolished every justification for teaching Intelligent Design in public schools; violates 1st amendment (freedom of religion)

Back 1

Tammy Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District

Front 2

overturned state law making private possessons of obscene material a crime; violated 1st & 14th amendment

Back 2

Stanley v. Georgia

Front 3

banned the showing of allegedly obscene films to consenting adults in a commercial theater; banning was hed not to violate 1st amendment or right to privacy

Back 3

Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton

Front 4

Overturned the Georgia law prohibiting publication of the name of a rape victim obtained from public records

Back 4

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Colin

Front 5

Invalidated local ordinance requiring participants to pay law enforcement costs for demonstrations and empowering the county administrator to determine how much to charge a group seeking a permit for a demonstration

Back 5

Forsyth County, GA v. Nationalist Movement

Front 6

overturned GA's ban on abortions as a violation of a woman's right to privacy (went along w. Roe v. Wade)

Back 6

Doe v. Bolton

Front 7

the right to privacy did not protect consensual homosexual sex from prosecution under GA's sodomy law

Back 7

Bowers v. Hardwick

Front 8

guarentees freedom of expression, which includes freedom of speech, assembly, and association, and freedom of press; freedom of religion; congress shall make no law abridging these liberties

Back 8

1st amendment

Front 9

thefirst amendment guaentee of a right of free expression; promotes individual autonomy ad self- fulfillment; helps discover the truth

Back 9

freedom of speech

Front 10

speech that encourages rebellion against the government

Back 10

seditious speech

Front 11

prompted by the russian revolution, people feared conspiracies to overthrow the U.S. government

Back 11

red scare

Front 12

prohibited interfering w. military recruitment, including insubordination in military forces, and mailing material advocating rebellion

Back 12

Espionage Act of 1917

Front 13

prohibited "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government, Constitution, soliers and sailors, flag or uniform of the armed services

Back 13

Sedition Act of 1918

Front 14

forbid advocating overthrow of the government by force and organzing or joining individuals who advocated overthrow; used against members o the American Communist Party after WWII

Back 14

Smith Act

Front 15

methods of combating communism charcterized by irresponsible accusations made on the basis of little or no evidence

Back 15

McCarthyism

Front 16

words that when spoken face to face, prompt listeners to retaliate with a punch

Back 16

fighting words

Front 17

derogatory speech, racial, ethnic, sexual, or relgious slurs, usually aimed at a group rather than at an individual

Back 17

hate speech

Front 18

language or situations that fall short of the legal definition of obscenity

Back 18

sexual speech

Front 19

a pubic place where peopl have a first amendment right to express their views on public issues

Back 19

public forum

Front 20

the use of symbols rather than words to convey ideas

Back 20

symbolic speech

Front 21

the right to speak, assemble, and petition the government for a redress of grievances; Supreme Court interpreted these rights

Back 21

freedom of association

Front 22

freedom from censorship, so the press can disseminate the news, information, and opinion that it deems appropriate

Back 22

freedom of the press

Front 23

printed or broadcast statement that are false and that tarnish someone's reputation

Back 23

libel

Front 24

sexual mateial that is ptently offensie to the average person in the local community and that lacks any serious literary, artistic, or scientific value

Back 24

obscenity

Front 25

Constitutional principle that is supposed to keep church and state from interfering with each other; restrits government from major efforts either to inhibit or advance religion

Back 25

seperation of church and state

Front 26

allows individuals to practice theirrelgion without government coercion

Back 26

free exercise clause

Front 27

the first amendment clause that prohibits the establishment of a state relgion; forbids government not only from designating an official church, but also from aiding one relgion over another

Back 27

establishment clause

Front 28

the 14th amendment guarantee that the government will follow fair and just procedures when prosecuting a criminal defendant; 4, 5, 6, & 8 amendment provide this right for criminals

Back 28

due process

Front 29

a principle that requires the government to prove the defendant's guilt; the defendant is not required to establish his innocence

Back 29

presumption of innocence

Front 30

4th amendment; searches and arrests that are conducted without a warrant or that do not fall into one of the exceptions to the warrant requirement

Back 30

unreasonable search and seizures

Front 31

enforces search and seizure law; bars from the courts any evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment

Back 31

exclusionary rule

Front 32

defendants on trial do not have to take the stand; and prosecutors cannot introduce any statements or confessions from the defendent that were not voluntary

Back 32

5th amendment

Front 33

officials must advise suspects of their rights before interrogation

Back 33

miranda rights

Front 34

6th amendment; federal courts must provide an attorney to all indigent defendants except in the most minor cases such as traffic violations; attorney provided for one appeal

Back 34

right to counsel

Front 35

6th amendment; guarentee of a trial by jurty in an criminal case that could result in more than six months' incarceration

Back 35

right to a jury trial

Front 36

eight amedment; torture or any punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense

Back 36

cruel and unusual punishment

Front 37

an agreement among the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the defendant, with the approval of the judge to reduce the charge or sentence in exchange for a guilty plea

Back 37

plea bargain

Front 38

right to autonomy, to be left alone

Back 38

right to privacy

Front 39

established a right to privacy

Back 39

Griswold v. Connecticut

Front 40

extended the right to privacy from birth control to abortion

Back 40

Roe v. Wade

Front 41

during the first six months of pregnancy

Back 41

right to abortion

Front 42

social security payments, price support payments, cash assistance to the poor and food vouchers

Back 42

direct subsidies

Front 43

goods or services provided by the government to the public or to a specified group at below market value

Back 43

indirect subsidies

Front 44

government-managed retirement fund for American workers from all income groups, a life insurance program for surviving dependents and spouses, and an income support program for people with disabilities

Back 44

social security

Front 45

an eligibility requirement for poverty programs under which participants must demonstrate that they have low income and few assets

Back 45

means test

Front 46

provides income support for the blind and people with disabilities and for the elderly not covered by Social Security or whose Social Security benefits are not large enough to lift them from poverty

Back 46

SSI; Supplemental Security Income

Front 47

states wer mandated to set up their own welfare systems under loose federal guidelines to be funded by block grants from the federal government

Back 47

TANF; temprary aid to needy families

Front 48

a negative income tax which gives both single and married individuals, with and without dependent children, credits against their tax liability

Back 48

EITC; earned income tax credit

Front 49

paper coupons that serve as vouchers redeemable in grocery stores fo food; average per household 160-350 dollars a month depending on the state

Back 49

food stamp

Front 50

means by which government underwrites part of the cost of agriculture; includes direct payments to farmers or agribusinesses to reduce the ecoomic risks of growing food and other crops

Back 50

farm subsidies

Front 51

any action by local, state, or federal govenment that gives a corpration or an entire industry a benefit not offered to others; can be in the form of services, low-interest loans, grants, concesisons ofland, or tax exemptions, deferrals, or lowered rates

Back 51

corporate welfare

Front 52

blanket exemptions that free states from federal program standards and requirements and give them greater latitude to set standards and eligibility requirements

Back 52

supervaiver

Front 53

a federal-state medical assistance program for the poor

Back 53

medicaid

Front 54

a public health insurance program that pays many medical expenses of the elderly and the disabled; funded through social security taxes, general revenues, and premiums paid by recipients

Back 54

medicare

Front 55

arm band case; students wore black arm bands to represent the war & being against it

Back 55

tinker v. des moines

Front 56

flag burning case; republican convenction in dallas man burned flag outside

Back 56

texas v. johnson

Front 57

an economy in which individuals and corporations own its capital goods or productive capacity (businesses, factories, and farms)

Back 57

capitalist economy

Front 58

countries that incorporate elements of both capitalist and socialist practices in the workings of their economies

Back 58

mixed economies

Front 59

a period of prolonged high unemployment

Back 59

depression

Front 60

two or more consecutive quarters (6 months) of falling production

Back 60

recession

Front 61

a measure of the country's economic health; the ratio of total hours worked by the labor force to total goods and servies produced

Back 61

productivity

Front 62

government decisions on how much money it will spend and how much tax it will levy

Back 62

fiscal policy

Front 63

the argument that government should stimulate the economy during periods of high unemployment by increasing spending even if it must run deficits to do so

Back 63

keynesian economics

Front 64

the combination of highinflation and economic stagnation with high unemployement that toubled the US in the 70's

Back 64

stagflation

Front 65

the argument that tax revenues will increase if tax rates are reduced; on the assumption that more money will be available for business expansion and modernization; stimulates employment and economic growth and result in higher tax revenues

Back 65

supply-side economics

Front 66

attempts to regulate the economy through control of short-term interest rates and the supply of money

Back 66

monetary policy

Front 67

the concept that although individuals benefit when they exploit goods that are common to all such as air and water, the community as a whole suffers from the resulting polution and depletion of resources

Back 67

tragedy of the commons

Front 68

a tax structure based on the principle of wealthy and middle-incoe households paying higher percentages of their income in tax than poorer households

Back 68

progressive tax

Front 69

a tax that requires the por to pay proportionately more than those middle and upper income brackets

Back 69

regressive tax

Front 70

a single rate for all income groups

Back 70

flat tax

Front 71

when the federal spending exceeds federal revenues

Back 71

budget deficit

Front 72

the accumulation of money owed by the governmnet from all budget deficits over time

Back 72

national debt

Front 73

budgetary rules adopted by congress that set caps on spending and bars legislation to increase spending without offsetting cuts in spending or increases in revenue

Back 73

paygo

Front 74

spending levels set bythe federal government in annual appropriations bills passed by congress; includes government operating expenses and salaries of many federal employees

Back 74

discretionary spending

Front 75

spending by the federal government that is required by permanent laws; example: payments for medicare

Back 75

mandatory spending

Front 76

companies' transfer of jobs abroad in order to increase their profit (pay foreign workers less)

Back 76

outsourcing/offshoring

Front 77

the internationaldispersion of economic activity through the networking of companies across national borders

Back 77

globalizatoin

Front 78

the situation in which prices increase but wages and salaries fail to keep pace with the prices of goods

Back 78

inflation

Front 79

a cost or benefit of productio that is not reflected in the product's market price; regulation attempts to eliminate negative externalities

Back 79

externality

Front 80

foreign policy goals

Back 80

protect physical security protect the physical security of neighbors & allies, protect our economic security, extend our sphere of influence

Front 81

the strategies adopted and action taken by a government to achieve its goals in its relationships with other nations

Back 81

foreign policy

Front 82

a policy of noninvovement with other nations outside the Americas; in the 19th & 20th century Americans stayed away rom European conflicts and turned inward w. domestic expansion and development

Back 82

isolationism

Front 83

warned European powers not already involved in Latin America to stay out of that region; by President Monroe

Back 83

Monroe Doctrine

Front 84

A mutual defense pact established by the US, Canada, and their Western Europe allies in 1949 to protect against Soviet aggression in Europe

Back 84

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Front 85

a policy formulated by the Truman administration to limit the spread of communism by meeting any action taken by the Soveit Union with a countermove

Back 85

containment

Front 86

era of hostility between the US and Soviets that existed between the end of WWII and the collapse of the Soviet Union

Back 86

Cold War

Front 87

the capability to absorb a nuclear attack and retaliate against the attacker with such sorce that it would also suffer enormous damage

Back 87

mutual assured destruction (MAD)

Front 88

the idea that f one country fell under communist rule, its neighbors would also fall to communism; contributed to US decision to intervene in Vietnam

Back 88

domino theory

Front 89

a policy designated to deesclate the Cold War rhetoric and promote the notion that relations with the Soviet Union could be conducted in ways other than confrontation

Back 89

detente

Front 90

an attitude ofuncertainty about US foreign policy goals and our ability to achieve them by military means

Back 90

vietnam syndrome

Front 91

a policy of minimum interventin by government in trade relations

Back 91

free trade

Front 92

government intervention to protect domestic producers from foreign competition; can take the form of tariffs, quotas on imports, or a ban on certain imports altogether

Back 92

protectionism

Front 93

military strategy of "striking first"; endorsed by the bush national security team after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

Back 93

preemption

Front 94

conflict between combatants of very unequal military strength

Back 94

asymmetrical warfare

Front 95

remove barriers to free trade and to mediate trade disputes between member countries

Back 95

world trade organization (WTO)

Front 96

a union of european nations formed to foster political and economic integration in europe

Back 96

European Union (EU)

Front 97

The alliance formed by the United States, Canada, and Western European countries after World War II for defense against the Soviet Union is called the

Back 97

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Front 98

Which of the following is the Federal Reserve likely to do to attack a recession?

Back 98

Buy government bonds

Front 99

court decisions have interpreted the free exercise clause to mean that:

Back 99

adults can refuse unwanted medical treatment that conflicts with their religious beliefs

Front 100

Which of the following is true regarding poverty and social welfare programs

Back 100

Social Security is the single largest expenditure in the federal budget