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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bicameralism
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division of legislative body into two houses, chambers or branches, the house and the senate
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party caucus
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assoiation based on party interest, gender, race also called "conference"
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speaker of the house
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chief presiding officer of house of Reps, straight party vote, very influential
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Majority leader
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leader of the party holding the majority of seats - sub to speaker
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Minority leader
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leader of party holding less people
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Standing committee
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permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation
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Seniority
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priority or status ranking given by length of continuous service
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closed rule
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provision of house - prohibiting or limiting introduction of amendments during debate
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open rule
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provision of house allowing amendments during debate
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filibuster
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tactic where continuously holding the floor until majority breaks down - unlimited time to speak
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cloture
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rule allowing majority to break filibuster by 3/5 vote
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veto
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presidents constitutional power to turn down acts by congress and requires a 2/3 vote to overturn
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pocket veto
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presidential vote wherein president takes no formal action - bill dies after congress adjourns
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constituency
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members of the represented disctrict
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party vote
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roll call vote in house or senate where 50% opposed other 50% - rare in current politics
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Whip system
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primary communications network- take polls, and assist majority or minority in various tasks
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logrolling
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reciprocal agreements made between legislators for or against a bill - exchange of support
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oversight
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effort of congress through hearings, investigations and other techniques to exercise control over executive branch
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appropriations
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amounts of money approved by Congress in statutes that each can spend
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executive agreements
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agreement between pres and another country that doesn't require 'advice or consent' by congress
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impeachment
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'treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors' charges brought against pres
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patronage
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resources to make partisan appointments to offices - confer grants
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Pork barrell
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not needed money created so local reps can win reelection
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private bill
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proposal to provide specific person some kind of relief - like immigration exemption
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delegates
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reps who vote according to preferences of the constituency
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trustees
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reps who vote according to what they think is best for the constituency
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distributive tendency
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to spread benefits over a wide range
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agency representation
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type of rep held accountable by constituents
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Inherent powers
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powers claimed by pres that are not expressed in the constitution
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commander in chief
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national military commander
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Whip system
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primary communications network- take polls, and assist majority or minority in various tasks
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logrolling
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reciprocal agreements made between legislators for or against a bill - exchange of support
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oversight
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effort of congress through hearings, investigations and other techniques to exercise control over executive branch
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appropriations
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amounts of money approved by Congress in statutes that each can spend
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executive agreements
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agreement between pres and another country that doesn't require 'advice or consent' by congress
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impeachment
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'treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors' charges brought against pres
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patronage
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resources to make partisan appointments to offices - confer grants
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Pork barrell
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not needed money created so local reps can win reelection
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private bill
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proposal to provide specific person some kind of relief - like immigration exemption
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delegates
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reps who vote according to preferences of the constituency
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trustees
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reps who vote according to what they think is best for the constituency
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distributive tendency
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to spread benefits over a wide range
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agency representation
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type of rep held accountable by constituents
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Inherent powers
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powers claimed by pres that are not expressed in the constitution
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commander in chief
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national military commander
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expressed powers
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specific powers granted under article II of constitution
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delegated powers
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constitutional powers assigned to one gov agency but exercised by another
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war powers resolution
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resolution that president can send troops only if authorized by congress
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executive privilege
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calim that confidential communications should not be released
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line item veto
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power allows governor to strike out specific line items- not president anymore
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executive orders
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rule regulation issued by president that has the effect of legislation
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cabinet
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informal designation for heads of all major federal departments
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National Security Council
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"inner cabinet" foreign policy advisor composed of pres, vice pres, sec. state-defense-and other specialists
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mandate
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claim by victorious candidate to adhere to promises during campaign (landslide victory)
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legislative clearance
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process enables pres to require agencies submite budgets (balance)
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permanent campaign
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pres politics in which all presidential actions taken with reelection in mind
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rallying effect
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favorable reaciton of publc to presidential actions, international crisis 9/11
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Stare decisis
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previous decision of court applies as precedent in similar cases
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uniform commercial code
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set of standards for contract laws reduces interstate differences
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en banc
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as a panel - involves all judges in court
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chief justice
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presides over all decisions of court, in deliberation he has no more authority
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senatorial courtesy
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president seeks approval of nomination from senitors who represent own state
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judicial review
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power of courts declare legislation unconstitutional
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supremecy clause
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federal legislation is supreme law of the land
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habeas corpus
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individual in custody must be brought into court and shown cause for detention
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writ of certiorari
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decision of at least four of nine SC justices to review a decision - "to make more certain"
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Solicitor general
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top government lawyer in cases where government is the party - third in command and handles the flow of cases
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judicial restraint
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deference to views of legislators and adherence to strict juris. standards - political rather that legal
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judicial activism
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court selects cases based on importance to society rather than strict standards
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client state
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nation dependant upon more powerful nation state - still has power though
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unilateralism
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unity, freedom, neutrality
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multi-lateralism
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seeks to encourage several nation-states involvement (NATO)
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Marshall Plan
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rebuilding of war torm Europe after WWII
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Bush Doctrine
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foreign policy based on idea that U.S. should take preemptive action
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Napoleaonic Role
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using every political instrument to keep current government in power
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Balance of Power
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major powers play off each other to keep a balance
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economic expansionist role
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what countries have to buy or sell determins foreign policy
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