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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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age-cohort tendency
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tendency for a significant break in the pattern of political socialization to occur among younger citizens usually as the result of a major event
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agents of socialization
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agents such as family and media that have significant impact on citizens' political socialization
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conservatives
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think govt should be sparing in its programs and govt should uphold traditional values
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ideology
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consistent pattern of political attitudes that stems from a core belief
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liberals
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say govt should do more to solve the country's problems and govt shouldn't support traditional views
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libertarians
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reluctant to use govt either as a means of economic redistribution or as a means of favoring particular social values
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party identification
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person's ingrained sense of loyalty to a political party
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political socialization
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learning process by which people acquire their political opinions,beliefs,and values
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population
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in a public opinion poll the people whose opinions are being estimated
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populists
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use govt for both the purpose of economic redistribution and the purpose of guarding traditional views
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public opinion
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politically relevant opinions held by ordinary citizens that they express openly
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public opinion poll
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device to measure the public opinion by using a small sample of the population
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sample
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the small number of individuals that represent the entire population
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sampling error
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degree to which the sample estimates might differ from what the population actually thinks
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alienation
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feeling powerless and that govt does not care about the publics' opinion
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apathy
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general lack of concern with politics
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civic duty
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the belief that you are obliged to participate in public affairs
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political participation
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involvement in activities intended to influence public policy and leadership
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registration
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having your name on an official list of eligible voters
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social capital
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the sum of the face-to-face civic interactions among citizens in a society
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social movements
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broad efforts to achieve change by citizens who feel that govt is acting improperly
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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voter turnout
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is the proportion of adult citizens who actually vote in a given election
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air wars
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candidates use of televised ads
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candidate-centered politics
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individual candidates devise their own strategies,choose their own issues, and form their own campaign organizations
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grassroots party
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a political party organized at the level of the voters and dependent on their support for its strength
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hard money
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money that goes directly to the candidate and can be spent as he or she chooses
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hired guns
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campaign consultants,pollsters, media producers, and fund-raising and get-out-the-vote specialists
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money chase
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term to state that US campaigns are expensive and candidates must raise funds
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multiparty system
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three or more parties have the capacity to gain control of the govt
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nomination
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selection of the individual who will run as the party's candidate in the general election
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packaging
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highlighting aspects of the candidate's partisanship, policy positions, personal background, and personality that are thought to be most attractive to voters
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party-centered politics
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election campaigns and other political processes in which political parties, not individual candidates, hold most of the initiative and influence
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party coalition
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groups and interest that support a party
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party competiton
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the competition between the Republicans and Democrats
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party organizations
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organizational units at the national,state,and local levels for the purpose for contesting elections
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party realignment
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a powerful issue that has disrupted the established political order
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political party
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ongoing coalition of interest joined together in an effort to get its candidates for public office elected under a common label
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primary election
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having citizens vote for the candidates in the main election
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proportional representation
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seats in the legislature are allocated according to a party's share of the popular vote
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prospective voting
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choosing a candidate on the basis of what the candidate promises to do if elected
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retrospective voting
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judgment about past performance
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service relationship
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party organizations can assist candidates but cannot require them to accept the party's positions
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single-member districts
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representation in which only the candidate who gets the most votes in a district wins office
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soft money
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money that a party could not hand directly to its candidate
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split ticket
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voting on a ticket for both democrats and republicans
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two-party system
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where only two parties have a chance of being elected
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citizens' groups
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groups that come together for other reasons than economic ones
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collective goods
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goods that are granted to all
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economic groups
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organized for economic reasons and engage in political activity to seek favorable policies from the govt
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free-rider problem
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individuals can receive the good even when they do not contribute to the group's effort
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grassroots lobbying
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pressure designed to convince govt officials that a group's policy position has popular support
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inside lobbying
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groups efforts to maintain close contact with policymakers
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interest group
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have an organized membership and pursue the policy goal that stem from its members' shared interest
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interest-group liberalism
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tendency of officials to support the policy demands of the interest group or groups that have a special stake in a policy
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iron triangle
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small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats,legislators, and lobbyists who seek to develop policies beneficial to a particular interest
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issue network
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informal grouping of officials, lobbyists, and policy specialists who are brought together temporarily by their shared interest in a particular policy problem
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lobbying
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efforts by groups to influence public policy through contact with public officials
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material incentive
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economic lure of a high-paying job
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outside lobbying
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bringing public pressure to bear on policymakers
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political action committee
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organization through which an interest group raises and distributes funds for election purposes
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private goods
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benefits that a group can grant directly to the individual member
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purpose incentive
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incentive to group participation based on the cause that the group seeks to promote
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single-issue politics
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situation in which separate groups are organized around nearly every conceivable policy issue and press their demands and influence to the utmost
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agenda setting
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media's ability to influence what is on people's minds
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common-carrier role
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provides political leaders a channel through which to communicate with the public
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news
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account of obtruding events particularly those that are timely, dramatic, and compelling
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objective journalism
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reporting facts rather than opinions and was fair in the fact that it presented both sides of partisan debate
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partisan press
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publishers openly backed one party or the other
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press
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news organizations and journalists
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public-representative role
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spokesperson and advocate of the public
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signaling role
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alert the public to important developments as soon as possible after they happen
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watchdog role
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press stands ready to expose any official who violates accepted legal, ethical, or performance standards
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