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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Politics is the process of who gets what, when and how
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Harold Lasswell
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Politics
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process whereby binding value allocations are made for a collectivety
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Nation
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a large group, or community, from which members derive their basic political identity and toward which they devote great loyalty
(price) |
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Specific support
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-instrumental, calculative,
-insufficient for political stability |
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Diffuse support
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-emotional
-attchment to the system for "its own sake" -creates "store of good will" |
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3 levels of a political system:
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-officials
>>office holders -Regime >>"constitutional order" -community >>membership grp |
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causes of demand overload
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-too many demands for the regime to process
-insufficient resources available to the system -existing pattern of resource allocation |
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Sources of Power:
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-force
-materials -legitamacy >>moral claim |
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Force compliance structure:
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Coercive
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Rewards comp. struc.
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Utilitarian
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Legitamacy comp. struc.
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Authoritative (normative)
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Coercive Comp. Struc.
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-costly
-inefficient -alienation |
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Utilitarian Compliance Struct.
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-unstable
>>scarcity = instability -unreliable >>collective goods, free riders -costly |
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Authoratative (Normative) Comp. Struct.
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-legitamacy
-effiecient |
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Legitamacy
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-a belief that the ruler has a right to command obedience and the subject has a moral obligation to comply
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How is legitamacy created?
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utility + ideology
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3 forms of Authority:
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-rational-legal
-traditional -charismatic -expertise |
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Rat-Legal auth.
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-procedural authority
-authority constrained by specific rules -violations lead to loss of legit. |
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Traditional Authority
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-legit.:social status + custom
-authority excersized as a personal privlige >>broad parameters for exercising power -bond between ruler and ruled is known as mutual loyalty and diffuse reciprocity |
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Charismatic Authority
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-based on personal legitamacy
>leader unconstrained, requires absolute loyalty -bond only exists btwn leader and followers (only in their minds) |
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Nation
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a terminal political community (one requiring absolute loyalty).
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Bases of nationhood
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-ethnic
-theocratic -Civic nation (individual volition) |
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characteristics of communalism:
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-intense (violent) conflict
>>domestic politics becomes like int'l politics -politics of collective punishment -seccesion -hostile environ for democracy >>election = centrifugal mobiliztion >>elite counter action: ^^single party state ^^managed electoral comp. ^^power sharing (consociationalism) -threat to economic develpt >>impediment to moblzng sacrifice >>resrce trsfrs are poli. xplsve >>econmclly irrational allocation of resources |
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Consociationalism
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-proportional representation
-grand coalition -mutual veto >>agrment among communal elites >>no mass mobilization |
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Elements of Political culture
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1-cognition
>>empirical beleifs 2-values 3-emotional commitments |
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Ideology VS. Political Culture
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-P.C. is trnsmtted by socialization
-ideology is not, it is imposed |
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Issue Scope
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defines which wants are appropriate
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classical liberalism
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-oppsd to gov't intervention in economy and society
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New Deal Liberalism
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-pro gov't intervention if the economy
-anti gov't "" in personal lives of peps |
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American Conservatism
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-hostile to gov't intervention in econ. and society
-wants gov't to shape individuals thoughts and behvrs |
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Lockian Liberalism
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-atomized individuals
-individ competetion -priv property -egalitarian ethic -rejct collective action |
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What Produces conformity?
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1-Social Reality Principle
>> 2-Instrumental value of conforming >>direct:grp locomotion effect >>indirect:social pressre to confrm ^^acces to grp based resrces 3-reference grp behvr >>psychological id with a grp |
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Civil Society
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social space autonomous from state control
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Cmpnts of Industrial Order
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1-production geared to exchange, not subsistence
2-use of non-animate srces of power 3-app. of scientific and engineering knowledge to production 4-factrs of production concentrated in lrg units (factories, cities) |
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Modernization
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1-individuation replaces corpratism
2-strct diff 3-moderation of pltcal climate>>>leds to cross-cutting cleavages. |
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req's for a civil society
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1-social strata with interst in limiting state's reach
2-scl strata able to resist state >fincially, militarily, organizational 3-autonomy bcms embedded |
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welfare Paradox
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-to get more mteral wealth state must accept less mteral wealth in shrt
-indus. will lead to extreme of this due to: 1-social overhead investment 2-capital (producer) goods investment >there is a lag btwn invstmnt and grwth |
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How did Britain get over WP?
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1-industrial rev preceded mass democracy
>>lack of political participation 2-imperialism >>slvs >>colonialism all redced effect of the WP |
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Democ & Indus. In the US
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-political culture
-immigration -political struct. |
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Lennist Mobilization System
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-command economy
-elimination of civil society |
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state-managed capitalism
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-econ. intervtist state
-"managed comp" -exprt orientiation is key to succes -labor repression |
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Soviet Econ strat.
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1-high levels of capital accumulation
2-concerntration of industry (especially heavy) 3-rural collectivization |
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Lenninist Mblztion system
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1-rapid indus
2-ttl moblztion of all rsrces 3-nationalis 4-"vanguard party" 5-normative + coercive compliance struct. |
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Perestroika
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restructuring of the economy,
1-shift away from heavy industry 2->intro of markets to replace central admin control >>intro of prv prprty |
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Glasnost
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political opening.
>gain suprt of mdlle class >weaken brcrtic interests >create transparency *eventually undermines perestroika |
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Black Labor Repression
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1-land segregation
>>Native Land Act of 1913 *87% of land reserved for whites 2-made it illegal for black labor organization and strikes too |