Poli Sci

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Administrative law

Back 1

– dealing with cases in which the offender has broken a regulation

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Civil cases

Back 2

between individuals/ corporations (always deals with money)

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Common law

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based on precedent(a decision that’s been made before, traditions customs

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Criminal cases

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– dealing with cases in which the offender has broken the law

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Indictment

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– a finding by a grand jury that there is enough evidence against an individual to warrant a criminal trial

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Judicial activism

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expanding the law on their own, making laws in court.

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Judicial federalism

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– judges make decisions on state NOT fed constitution

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Judicial restraint

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– they try not to make law, only interpret the law.

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Judicial review –

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process in which the courts decided if law is constitutional or not.

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Jurisdiction –

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– the kinds of cases that a court has the authority to decide

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Natural rights

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the belief that all people possess certain basic rights that may not be abridged by the government

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Cabinet departments

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– 15, major components of the federal bureaucracy

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Constituencies –

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– interest groups, or client groups, either directly regulated by the bureaucracy or vitally affected by its decisions

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Government corporations

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agencies that were at one time semiautonomous, but through legislations since 1945 have been placed under presidential control.

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Hatch act

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restricts political activities by federal workers, protected from political pressure to make campaign contributions or to work in political campaigns

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Political patronage

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rewarding followers with jobs, part of the spoils system

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Public administration

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describes the bureaucratic process, the business of making government work.

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Senior executive service

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– patronage job, only lasts till term is over

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Social regulation

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refers to laws, rules, and government programs designed to protect individual rights and specific groups, as well as to benefit society as a whole.

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Spoil system

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Victorious politicians reward their followers with jobs.

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Whistle blower

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government employees who publicly expose evidence of official waste or corruption that they have learned about in the course of their duties.

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Filibuster

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talking for a long time, not allowing others to have the floor, used to force a compromise or kill a bill.

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Joint committee

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made up of congressemen and senetors,

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Legislative veto –

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is a provision of law in which congress asserts the power to override or stridke down an action by the executive branch

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Pork barrel legislation

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bills that benefit their home districts or powerful corporate contributors with sometimes wasteful or unnecessary public works or other projects

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Senatorial courtesy –

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individual senetors who belong to the same political party as the president that exercise an informal veto power over presidential appointments in their states.

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Seniority system

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system that automatically resulted in the selection as committee chair of the member of the majority party in congress who had the longest continuous service on a particular committee.

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Speaker of the house –

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presiding officer and the most powerful member of the House of Representatives.

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Special committee

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ad hoc, temporary, important at the time, special investigations

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Trustee

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the belief that legislators should act according to ther conscience.

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Whip –

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ppl in charge of getting those from their political parties out to vote

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Cabinet

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a group of advisors made up of heads of departments designed by tradition.

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Executive agencies

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– independent agencies of government under the president within the executive

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Executive agreements

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international agreements between the president and foreign heads of state.

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Executive privilege

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the claim by presidents of an inherent right to withhold information from congress and the judiciary

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Independent regulatory agencies

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exercise quasi judicial and quasi legislative powers and are administratively independent of both the president and congress.

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Line item veto

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– the power of the president to veto specific parts of a bill

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Military industrial complex -

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policy relationships between governments, national armed forces, and the industrial sector that supports them.

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National security council (NSC)

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principle forum used by the pres to consider national security and foreign policy

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Pocket veto

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the power of the president to kill a bill by taking no action when congress has adjourned

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Pocket veto –

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the power of the president to kill a bill by taking no action when congress has adjourned

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War powers resolution

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a law passed in an effort to limit a presidents use of combat forces abroad. Largely unsuccessful.

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527 organizations

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- A 527 group is created primarily to influence the nomination, election, appointment or defeat of candidates for public office

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Closed primary

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only registered members of a party can vote

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Deviating elections

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the majority party is defeated in a temporary reversal

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Electoral college

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the body composed of electors from 50 states who formally have the power to elect the president and vp of usa.

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Independent expenditure

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funds spent for or against a candidate by committees not formally connected to a candidate

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Maintaining elections

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the standing party wins

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Negative advertising

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– commercial that strongly attack a rival candidate

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Office-column ballot

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– groups candidates according to the office for which they are running

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Open primary

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any voter may participate and vote for one political partys slate of candidates

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PAC(Political action committee)

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– independent organization established to contribute to candidates or to work for general political goals

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Party- column ballot

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– lists candidates of each party in a row or column, beside or under the party emblem. Can vote for all positions in that party with one pull of a lever or one mark

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Party identification

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voting for affiliated party

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Periodic registration

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– voter must register every year or at other stated intervals

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Permanent registration

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voter registers only once in his or her district

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Popular vote –

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vote for politician made by qualified voters

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Realigning elections

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a basic shift in party identification of the electorate

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Retrospective voting

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- voting based on how the previous political party had done

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Soft money

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the unregulated campaign funds from corporations, unions, and wealthy donors that were not subject to the limits of federal law