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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the idea of an international community?
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Community bound together by shared values, benefits and responsibilities and common rules and procedures
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What type of thinking is International Community indicative of?
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Constructivist Thinking
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Although war and conflict cannot be completely avoided, what can be done?
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War and conflict can be done "properly"
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Two parts of Just War
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Jus Ad Bellum- Right to Go To War
Jus in Bello- Following right conduct while in war |
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What are some components of Jus ad Bellum?
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- War has a just cause
- Comparative Justice (injustice suffered by one side outweighs the other) - Legitimate authority - Right intention (no material gain) - Probability of success |
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What are some components of Jus in Bello?
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- Directed at enemy combatants, not civilians
- Proportionality - Military Neccesity |
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What is International Law?
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A body of rules which binds states and other agents in world politics in their relations with one another
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How does International Law differ from Domestic Law?
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- No international sovereignty
- No world legislature - Consent, no real enforcement |
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Two sources of International Law
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- Treaties
- Customary Practices |
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The policies of a treaty are forced upon who?
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Only those nations who signed the treaty.
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True or false
Treaties are always on a global scale |
FALSE
Can be bilateral or multilateral. |
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How are treaties monitored?
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It is assumed that treaties will be kept and performed in good faith, it is hard to monitor.
HONOR SYSTEM |
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What are customary practices?
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International customs that represent the established and consistent practice of states in international relations.
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Who are expected to follow Customary practices?
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It is seen as binding to all states, not just those who have expressly committed to them.
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When did the International Criminal Court get established?
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1998, Came into force in 2002
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What is the stated purpose of the ICC?
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Have the power to try individuals accused of the most egregious including war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity.
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Characteristics of First Generation Human Rights
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- Liberty, participation in politics
- Protects individuals from excesses of the state - Freedom of speech, religion, suffrage, fair trial |
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Characteristics of Second Generation Human Rights
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- Related to equality
- Different members of a citizenry receive equal rights and privileges - Right to employment, shelter, health care |
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Characteristics of Third Generation Human RIghts
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- Remains largely unofficial
- Defines a broad spectrum - Economic and social development |
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True or False
It is suggested that peacekeeping and intervention reflect failures in world politics |
TRUE
Righting a wrong that could have been avoided in the first place |
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What event resulted in a marked increase of peacekeeping missions?
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The end of the Cold War
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Why was optimism high after the creation of the UN?
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It was believed that it could be a primarily positive influence and serve for the good.
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With who and when did the idea of Peacekeeping originate?
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Lester B. Pearson, 1956 with the Suez Canal.
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Why was the optimism for peace at a high level following the conclusion of the Cold War?
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The solving of a long-winded ideological struggle resulted in optimism
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Criticism of Peacekeeping- Conceptual Issues
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- Peacekeeping just freezes hostilities, does not solve shit
- Lack of proactivity |
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Criticisms of Peacekeeping- Legal Provisions
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- Used to be invited, nowadays peacekeeping is generally needed most where it is not wanted.
- Question of whether peacekeeping will improve or worsen conditions. Will we ever really know? - Interventions means a side must be chosen - Intervention can be used to hide ulterior motives |
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Criticisms of Peacekeeping-
Operational Problems |
- Since it is not conventional warfare, rules of engagement can be confusing
- Tensions among various military components, who runs the show? - Difficulty arriving at consensus - Misunderstanding of cultural or linguistic issues |
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Criticisms of Peacekeeping- Accountability
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- To whom are peacekeeping agencies accountable?
- Do states owe the peacekeepers anything in return? |
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What is migration influenced by?
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Changing economic, political and social conditions within and between states
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What are the two main issues in migration in the contemporary era?
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- Regulation and control of international migration
- Policies for dealing with ethnic migrant minorities |
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What are the differing policies that different countries have on migration.
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- Protect their culture
OR - Encourage diversity and acceptance |
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What are Refugees?
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Individuals or groups who fall under the category of involuntary migrants forced to leave their homeland through no choice of their own .
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In history, what was the main motivation for migration?
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Economic- Jobs and Slave labour
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Why has migration shifted mainly from Europe to the States?
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The US is the main economic center in the world.
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Why do many migrants head to the Middle East?
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For jobs in oil.
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What results in "waves" of refugees coming from specific regions?q
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Regional political instability
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What do slowing birth rates in the West mean for migration?
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Increased need for immigrants
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Economic effects due to migration
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- Demands on infrastructure and service
- Affects employment and wages - Blue collar wage down, white collar wage up |
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Social effects due to migration
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- Admitting immigrants affects the social fiber of a society
- The decision of whether to assimilate or accommodate immigrants - Possible backlash from previously existing population |
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Political effects due to migration
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- Issues used to be left behind in former country, no longer.
- Certain ethnicities of immigrants are heavily scrutinized in the wake of 9/11 - Concern with loyalties to two different states |
