Poland To Uk

Front 1

Age of migrants

Back 1

80% migrants 18-34

Front 2

Reason for migration

Back 2

To find work. And a third poles in Uk are graduates

Front 3

Where they settle

Back 3

Communites where already Polish people e.g. Peterborough

Front 4

If cant find work

Back 4

Go elsewhere

Front 5

Male jobs

Back 5

Light industry- processing/packaging

Front 6

Femal jobs

Back 6

Restaurants/hotels/cleaners/nannies

Front 7

Employment

Back 7

Unskilled although qualified

Front 8

Unemployment in Poland- Push factor

Back 8

1 in 5 workers in Poland unemployed in 2004

Front 9

Wages in Poland- Push factor

Back 9

Average income in EU 3x greater than in Poland

Front 10

Ease of migration- push factor

Back 10

Cheap air travel

Front 11

Housing availability- push factor

Back 11

2004 just over 300 dwellings for every 1000 people

Front 12

Ease of migration- pull factor

Back 12

Uk, Ireland and Sweden only allowed unlimited migration from EU member countries in 2004 whereas others restricted entry. But have to allow it by 2011

Front 13

Exchange rate- pull factor

Back 13

Sending only a few pounds back equals a lot of zloty, so even low paid jobs make a difference

Front 14

Books- Pull factor

Back 14

Guides on 'how to live and work in Great Britain' in Polish- how to set up and avoid exploitation

Front 15

Abundance of jobs- pull factor

Back 15

A lot of better paid jobs in UK. Labour shortages.

Front 16

Open border policy- pull factor

Back 16

EU 'open border' policy for trade and people

Front 17

Media- pull factor

Back 17

Painted rosy picture of UK

Front 18

Language- pull factor

Back 18

English is 2nd language of many countries

Front 19

Divorce- cost for Poland

Back 19

Doubled divorce rate- strain on marriage- partners left behind or cant readjuston return. Women more independent as left behind

Front 20

Workers- cost for poland

Back 20

Shortage of young skilled workers- 7% Polands workforce lost

Front 21

Population- cost for poland

Back 21

Poland population fell 0.3% 2003-2007

Front 22

Birth rate-cost for Poland

Back 22

Decreased 2003-2005

Front 23

Exploitation- cost for Poland

Back 23

Some workers exploited by gangs or paid less than minimum wage

Front 24

Remittances- benefits for Poland

Back 24

£4 billion a year back to Poland in remittances- workers send 25% earnings home

Front 25

Save up- benefits for Poland

Back 25

Many return to UK as only go there to save up to buy house or start business

Front 26

Keeps wages low- costs for UK

Back 26

Suggested Polish workers keep wages low as no incentive for employers to raise wages to attract workers

Front 27

Benefit tourism- cost for UK

Back 27

Workers come to UK to claim child benefits, housing benefits and tax credits

Front 28

Large numbers- costs for UK

Back 28

Hard for settlements to absorb large numbers of migrants. E.g. influx in Peterborough

Front 29

Cost to taxpayer- costs for UK

Back 29

e.g. cost of specialist language teachers in schools

Front 30

Money sent back- cost for UK

Back 30

Money sent back to Poland £4 billion a year- no help to UK economy

Front 31

Air traffic- cost to UK

Back 31

3.3 million passengers between Poland and UK 2006- greenhouse gases- global warming

Front 32

Immigration policy- cost to UK

Back 32

Had to be changed as too many migrants

Front 33

Economic turnaround - benefit for UK

Back 33

e.g. South Lincolnshire 10% population A8 migrants- more local spending

Front 34

Skills gap filled- benefit for UK

Back 34

e.g. Fish processing in Highlands
e.g. Farming in the Fens

Front 35

Food culture- benefits for UK

Back 35

Wodka delicatessen in Boston, Lincolnshire and Frzierski hairdresser

Front 36

Fill low paid jobs- benefits to UK

Back 36

97% work in full time positions that would otherwise be hard to dill due to minimum wage. As result, mobile phone wholesaler Cordwell in Crewe able to expand

Front 37

Culture children- benefits for UK

Back 37

Headteacher of Boston College says children get cultural experience they would never otherwise got in Lincolnshire

Front 38

Economy- benefit to UK

Back 38

Workforce contributed several billion pounds to economy

Front 39

Dependency ratio- benefit for UK

Back 39

Reduced

Front 40

Taxes- benefit for UK

Back 40

Migrants pay taxes- supports ageing population

Front 41

Catholic churches- benefit for UK

Back 41

Congregations swell by Polish migrants

Front 42

A8 migration

Back 42

2011 all A8 countries must be fully open to migration- 'divert' to other countries

Front 43

Recession

Back 43

A8 economies like Poland less badly affected than UK- unemployment in UK- less job opportunities

Front 44

UK pound

Back 44

Reduced in value by recession- reduced value of remittances

Front 45

2008

Back 45

Many migrants returned to Poland

Front 46

More work in Poland

Back 46

Economy growing so more work