Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Public opinion research targets though
|
telephone survey
|
|
push poll
|
A campaign technique
Meant to reflect badly on an opponent |
|
Exit polls used to
|
survey voters just leaving their polling places
|
|
Exit polls have their disadvantages, as results are often reported in the media
|
Quickly, is not prematurely, and as “facts”
Which caused much consternation among the electorate during that close election A problem in the 2000 presidential election |
|
Many of the nation’s founders advocated against political parties
|
Especially Washington
Who warned against “factions” In his farewell address |
|
Era of Good Feelings
|
Party competition was fairly well nonexistent during the Monroe presidency
|
|
There is no mention reference to political parties in the U.S. Constitution
|
The system was designed to operate without parties
|
|
A problem with the 1800 election when the electoral college system failed
|
Required ratification of the 12th Amendment
Providing separate elections of the President and Vice-President |
|
Direct primary elections are held in
|
states which allow all qualified (registered) voters to vote
|
|
A closed primary
|
A primary in which only a party’s registered voters can participate
|
|
In presidential election, the earliest primary held in the nation is
|
New Hampshire’s
Paired with Iowa’s caucuses |
|
front loading
|
States moving their primaries up in the presidential election year seasons
To maximize their states’ influence |
|
current practice of frontloading primarily elections does what?
|
Impact the presidential races
By benefiting front running candidates |
|
election and governmental system is based on
|
winner-take-all concept
|
|
Versus many European Democracies which use proportional representation in?
|
their parliaments
As a result, there is no incentive for third party movements here |
|
national party chairs mainly
|
Raise money for the national campaign
Run the national campaign |
|
The national parties meet every four years in national conventions to
|
Nominate their national candidates
Draft their party platforms |
|
Despite many attempts at campaign finance reform, “soft money” contributions
|
Made to party organizations
Remain almost unregulated |
|
registered voters consider themselves to be
|
40% are independent.
|
|
Some parties dominate state government as voters consistently support one or the other
|
Texas is considered reliably Republican
|
|
The Democratic party counts on its supporters
|
working class voters
|
|
Hispanic and African-American voters are also part of
|
their voting coalition
|
|
Young voters
|
18-29
vote increasingly for Democratic candidates like President Obama |
|
Republicans draw a great deal of support from
|
White collar workers
White, evangelical Christians |
|
People participate in politics in a number of ways
|
most common is voting
|
|
The U.S. has the lowest rate of
|
voter turnout among the Western industrialized countries
|
|
Younger voters generally turn out at a lower rate than the other age demographics
|
The last presidential election exceptional
|
|
Critical elections are those in which party domination switches from one major party
|
To the other
For an extended period One of the most recent occurred in 1932, which feature Franklin Roosevelt And the Democratic Congress |
|
party realignment
|
a major shift in party support
|
|
Other factors which impact on voter turnout include
|
Race
Income Educational level Geography |
|
Non-Hispanic whites vote at the highest level, followed by
|
African-American voters
|
|
vote at the lowest percentage of all major demographic groups
|
Hispanics
|
|
The registration requirement in American voting tends to
|
dampen turnout
Not required in comparable national elections |
|
Also, as we vote during the work week, many voters report themselves as
|
“Too busy” to vote
|
|
Delegates who attend national conventions elect their party presidential tickets
|
Selected in the primary elections process
Democrats have super-delegates Reserved for elected party officials |
|
Minority voters do not support the Republican party in great numbers so they are
|
underrepresented at their Conventions
|
|
If no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the Electoral College the President is
|
Selected by the U.S. House of Representatives
|
|
Incumbent candidates have advantages when seeking reelection, including
|
Better access to the media than a challenger
More access to campaign contributions A record of service to run on |
|
“scare-off” effect which refers to the reluctance of
|
High-quality challengers
To challenge incumbent candidates |
|
Franklin Roosevelt is considered to have been
|
Our first “media president”
For his use of radio to promote |
|
Today, radio is a medium that promotes music, as well as for its news/talk format
|
Which has a strong conservative orientation
|
|
Significant eras in this nation’s political media include
|
The Partisan Press
The Penny Press Yellow journalism Muckraking journalism Modern, objective journalism |
|
Muckraking journalists were advocates for
|
business and governmental reforms
|
|
Political Gerrymandering
|
Occurs at the state level after each decennial census
When the political party in control of the state governments Redraws congressional and state legislative district lines To benefit their party’s interests |
|
Americans get most of their news and political information from
|
television
|
|
Younger Americans are more likely than their older counterparts to
|
Get their political news
From the Internet or some comedy shows |
|
Many networks now practice “narrowcasting” which target programs
|
To specific population segments
|
|
Voters and Programming
|
For instance, Republicans and many conservative voters typically view Fox News programming
Which targets those population segments Was actually founded for that purpose |
|
Democrats tend to view the offerings of the traditional networks
|
CNN and MSNBC
|
|
With regard to censuring the press, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
|
The government cannot censure the Press
The New York Times v. U.S |
|
Press conferences are delivered by an officeholder with only
|
partial mediation
|