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51 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Public opinion research targets though
telephone survey
push poll
A campaign technique

Meant to reflect badly on an opponent
Exit polls used to
survey voters just leaving their polling places
Exit polls have their disadvantages, as results are often reported in the media
Quickly, is not prematurely, and as “facts”

Which caused much consternation among the electorate during that close election
A problem in the 2000 presidential election
Many of the nation’s founders advocated against political parties
Especially Washington
Who warned against “factions”
In his farewell address
Era of Good Feelings
Party competition was fairly well nonexistent during the Monroe presidency
There is no mention reference to political parties in the U.S. Constitution
The system was designed to operate without parties
A problem with the 1800 election when the electoral college system failed
Required ratification of the 12th Amendment

Providing separate elections of the President and Vice-President
Direct primary elections are held in
states which allow all qualified (registered) voters to vote
A closed primary
A primary in which only a party’s registered voters can participate
In presidential election, the earliest primary held in the nation is
New Hampshire’s
Paired with Iowa’s caucuses
front loading
States moving their primaries up in the presidential election year seasons
To maximize their states’ influence
current practice of frontloading primarily elections does what?
Impact the presidential races
By benefiting front running candidates
election and governmental system is based on
winner-take-all concept
Versus many European Democracies which use proportional representation in?
their parliaments

As a result, there is no incentive for third party movements here
national party chairs mainly
Raise money for the national campaign

Run the national campaign
The national parties meet every four years in national conventions to
Nominate their national candidates

Draft their party platforms
Despite many attempts at campaign finance reform, “soft money” contributions
Made to party organizations

Remain almost unregulated
registered voters consider themselves to be
40% are independent.
Some parties dominate state government as voters consistently support one or the other
Texas is considered reliably Republican
The Democratic party counts on its supporters
working class voters
Hispanic and African-American voters are also part of
their voting coalition
Young voters
18-29
vote increasingly for Democratic candidates like President Obama
Republicans draw a great deal of support from
White collar workers
White, evangelical Christians
People participate in politics in a number of ways
most common is voting
The U.S. has the lowest rate of
voter turnout among the Western industrialized countries
Younger voters generally turn out at a lower rate than the other age demographics
The last presidential election exceptional
Critical elections are those in which party domination switches from one major party
To the other
For an extended period

One of the most recent occurred in 1932, which feature Franklin Roosevelt And the Democratic Congress
party realignment
a major shift in party support
Other factors which impact on voter turnout include
Race
Income
Educational level
Geography
Non-Hispanic whites vote at the highest level, followed by
African-American voters
vote at the lowest percentage of all major demographic groups
Hispanics
The registration requirement in American voting tends to
dampen turnout

Not required in comparable national elections
Also, as we vote during the work week, many voters report themselves as
“Too busy” to vote
Delegates who attend national conventions elect their party presidential tickets
Selected in the primary elections process
Democrats have super-delegates
Reserved for elected party officials
Minority voters do not support the Republican party in great numbers so they are
underrepresented at their Conventions
If no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the Electoral College the President is
Selected by the U.S. House of Representatives
Incumbent candidates have advantages when seeking reelection, including
Better access to the media than a challenger
More access to campaign contributions
A record of service to run on
“scare-off” effect which refers to the reluctance of
High-quality challengers
To challenge incumbent candidates
Franklin Roosevelt is considered to have been
Our first “media president”
For his use of radio to promote
Today, radio is a medium that promotes music, as well as for its news/talk format
Which has a strong conservative orientation
Significant eras in this nation’s political media include
The Partisan Press
The Penny Press
Yellow journalism
Muckraking journalism
Modern, objective journalism
Muckraking journalists were advocates for
business and governmental reforms
Political Gerrymandering
Occurs at the state level after each decennial census

When the political party in control of the state governments
Redraws congressional and state legislative district lines
To benefit their party’s interests
Americans get most of their news and political information from
television
Younger Americans are more likely than their older counterparts to
Get their political news
From the Internet or some comedy shows
Many networks now practice “narrowcasting” which target programs
To specific population segments
Voters and Programming
For instance, Republicans and many conservative voters typically view Fox News programming
Which targets those population segments
Was actually founded for that purpose
Democrats tend to view the offerings of the traditional networks
CNN and MSNBC
With regard to censuring the press, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
The government cannot censure the Press
The New York Times v. U.S
Press conferences are delivered by an officeholder with only
partial mediation