Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
use of personal staff by members of congress to perform services for the constituents in order to gain their support in future elections |
service strategy |
|
|
permanent congressional committees with responsibility for a particular area of public policy |
standing committee |
|
|
the president's rejection of a bill, thereby keeping it from becoming law unless Congress overrides the veto |
veto |
|
|
a group consisting of the heads of the executive departments, who are appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the senate, once the main advisory body to the president but no longer plays this role |
cabinet |
|
|
the president's first months in office, a time in congress, the press, and the public are more inclined than usual to support presidential initiatives |
honeymoon period |
|
|
the critical period before the first presidential primaries and caucuses when the candidates compete for the public supports, media attention, and financial contributions that can spell the differences between winning and losing once the voting begins |
invisible primary |
|
|
a strong showing by a candidate in early presidential nominating contest, which leads to a buildup of public support for the candidate |
momentum |
|
|
meetings at which a party's candidate for nomination are voted on and that are open to all the party's rank-and-file voters who want to attend |
open party caucuses |
|
|
a measure of the degree to which the public approves or disapproves of the presidents performance in office |
presidential approval rating |
|
|
a theory that argues for a strong, assertive presidential role, with presidential authority limited only at points specifically prohibited by law |
stewardship theory |
|
|
the urle that grants all of a state's electoral votes to the candidate who recieves most of the popular votes in the state |
unit rule |
|
|
a theory that prevailed in the 19th century and held that the presidency was a limited or restrained office whose occupant was confined to expressly granted constitutional authority |
whig theory |
|
|
a subunit of the executive office of the president, the white house office is the core of the presidential staff system and most trusted personal advisers |
white house office |
|
|
the authority of a given court to review cases that have already been tried in lower courts and are appealed to it by the losing party; such a court is called an appeals court |
appellate jurisdiction |
|
|
a written statement by a party in a court case that details its argument |
brief |
|
|
a separate opinion written by a supreme court justice who votes with the majority in the decision on a case but who disagrees with their reasoning |
concurring opinion |
|
|
a vote of the supreme court in a particular case that indicates which party the justices side with and by how large a margin |
decision |
|
|
the opinion of a justice in a supreme court case that explains his or her reasons for disagreeing with the majority's decision |
dissenting opinion |
|
|
the relevant circumstances of a legal dispute or offense as determined by a trial court, these are crucial because they help determine which law or laws are applicable in the case |
facts |
|
|
the doctrine that the courts should develop new legal principles when judges see a compelling need, even if this action places them in conflict with precedent or the policy decision of elected officials |
judicial activism |
|
|
a closed meeting of the justices of the u.s. supreme court to discuss and vote on the cases before them; the justices are not supposed to discuss conference proceedings with outsiders |
judicial conference |
|
|
the doctrine that the judiciary should broadly defer to precedent and the judgement of legislatures. the doctrine claims that the job of judges is to work within the confines of laws set down by tradition and lawmaking majorities |
judicial restraint |
|
|
the power of courts to decide whether a governmental institution has acted within its constitutional powers and, if not, to declare its action null and void |
judicial review |
|
|
a given courts authority to hear cases of a particular kind, may be original or apellate |
jurisdiction |
|
|
a method of interpreting the constitution that emphasizes the principles it embodies and their application to changing circumstances and needs |
living constitution theory |
|
|
a court opinion that results when a majority of the justices is in agreement on the legal basis of the decision |
majority opinion |
|
|
a court's written explanation of its decision, which serves to inform others of the legal basis for the decision. supreme court opinions are expected to guide the decisions of lower courts |
opinion |
|
|
the authority of a given court to be the first court to hear a case |
original jurisdiction |
|
|
a method of interpreting the constitution that emphasizes the meaning of its words at the time they were written |
originalism theory |
|
|
a court opinion that results when a majority of justices agrees on a decision in a case but do not agree on a legal basis for the decision. in this instance, the legal position held be most of the justices on the winning side is called this |
plurality opinion |
|
|
a judicial decision that serves as a rule for setting subsequent cases of a similar nature |
precedent |
|
|
the tradition that the u.s. senator from the state in which a federal judicial vacancy has arisen should have a say in the presidents nomination of the new judge if the senator is of the same political party as the president |
senatorial courtesy |
|
|
permission granted by a higher court to allow a losing party in a legal case to bring the case before it for a ruling |
writ of centiorari |
