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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Democratic Ideal |
Self-rule depends on the idea that ordinary people can create a just society. |
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Origin of word "democracy" |
Demo(the people) + Kratos(rule or power) -"Rule of the people"
-Originated in ancient greek, Athens |
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Two types of democracy |
-Direct Democracy -Representative/ Republic Democracy |
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Direct Democracy |
-Citizens themselves debate about policies and vote on them |
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Representative/ Republic Democracy |
-Vote for representative to debate and vote on policies |
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The people as undemocratic: Respect for deliberation and dissent |
-"Who are the people"? comprised of competing groups
-Democracy requires rebellion. Respect for dissecting view |
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Two critics of Democracy |
-Plato-System based on equality and liberty of ordinary people produce bad results
-De Toqueville- Draws on plato to show limits of american democracy |
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Plato's assessment of democracy and 2 examples of related vids |
-Ordinary people cant know truth/reality -Slave of our own mind-->easily manipulated -Comfortable with what is familiar and doesnt want to "break chains of own mind" by learning new things.
-Allegory of the cave
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Alexis de Toqueville, his book, problems with democracy |
-19th century french aristocrat -Book titled "Democracy in America" (observing the democratic experiment in the US) -What happens when you give people equality? -----Equality means little tolerance |
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Ancient Democracy |
-More radical -Majorities of the peoples will is supreme -No limits on majority rule (But not all included as citizens ex. slaves and women) |
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Modern Democracy |
-Based on Lockean Liberalism -Purpose of government is to protect rights -Laws must be limited by minority right -Guarantees that society be based on properties of equality and liberty. |
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Socrates, role of philosophy |
- Western philosopher -Pursuit of truth through discussion using logic and reason. -Challenges established knowledge -Find out truth by thinking
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Socrates crimes and result of trial |
-"Socrates is guilty of crime in refusing to recognize the gods acknowledged by the state, and importing strange divinities of his own, he is further guilty of corrupting the young"-Xenophon -Questioning religion and corrupting the youth -Sentenced to death by hemlock cocktail (poison drink) |
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Tyranny of The Majority |
-Alexis de tocqueville -unrestrained majority bands together to rule a society. -Majority pressures minority to conform to mainstream views |
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Purposes of free press in 1st amendment |
-Fundamental to free society: Check on power of government -Protects speech against powerful interest (Encourage dissent and publishing of many ideas) (Holds gov't accountable--allows for opposition and criticis) |
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Why is the media controversial in politics? |
"He who controls reality controls politics" *Media is about agreement reality: trying to get people to agree on the reality that they have not yet personally experienced -Battle between left and right about American values (goal?) To change public opinion and gain political support.
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Experimental vs. agreement reality |
-Experimental reality- what people have personally experienced -Agreement reality- the other things they take to be real (SUREEEE) |
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Mutual exploitation model |
Elites benefit from the exposure they receive, while the media gets marketable stories. |
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Conservative backlash in media |
-Social conservatism grows since Reagan era* -"Moral majority" (Christian Right) -Reject equality movements as special interests --Ally with big money interests ---Reject regulation of capitalism as anti-american ---Label reforms socialist or even communist |
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Bernard goldberg's critique of mainstream media |
-Critiques media as "LIBERAL" -Reporters sympathetic to change based liberal issues and values (Ex. stories on homelessness, women's rights, race, poverty) -Conservative points of view not presented in sympathetic light.(ex. Prayer in school, anti- feminism) |
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Rise of right wing media and new style of commentary |
-"Point of view" news -From greek polemikos. warlike, hostile -An aggressive attack on or refutation of the opinions or principles of another (liberal) -Keith Olbermann |
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Noam Chomsky and "manufacturing consent" |
-Media is big business -All corporate media are about elite interests (money making) -Media gets masses to support elite interests -----Outlets owned by corporations for own interest |
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Propaganda |
The deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions and direct behavior to achieve a response that further desires intent of the propagandist. |
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4 theories in IR and how they describe international relations |
Realism: Inevitability of enemies- competition for resources and power create fear(explains war) Liberalism: Cooperation is possible- Critique of realism- realism cannot explain cooperation only conflict. Liberal democracy Marxism: all about the money- Wealthy capitalist classes run states and go to war for their own interests-exploitation Constructivism: International behavior relies on agreement about norms and rules. Still society between states within anarchy |
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Hobbes applied to international politics |
States never escape (hobberian) "State of Nature" --All states seek power for survival |
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Security dilemma |
one states attempt to create security through power creates the conditions for insecurity in another state (strong military) |
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Clausewitz and his philosophy on war and morality |
-Military strategist 19th century -"To introduce in to the philosophy of war itself a principle of moderation would be an absurdity" --No morality, only force in war |
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Democratic peace theory |
-Democratic states don't war with each other Why? -Interdependance--culture, accountability, trade-- international law creates order |
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Goals and tools of foreign policy |
Goals: -Promoting US interest and values -Sustain more democratic, secure, prosperous world for American. Tools: -Diplomacy- discussion and negotiations -Foreign Aid- economic and military -Military force- threat or actual use |
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Why IR theories matter |
Theories help politicians decide if it is wise to go to war -theories don't always capture reality |
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US foreign policy approach (Bush sr, clinton, bush jr. obama) |
Bush Sr.- New world order and golf war Clinton- humanitarian invention Bush jr- post 9/11 and prevent changes to US economics and military power Obama- mandate to end iraq war and destablize iraq/ISIS |
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Shift in Military strategy in iraq and afghan. |
-Superior military strength alone doesnt ensure political goals.
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C.O.I.N |
-Counter insurgency- involves actions taken by the recognized government of a nation to contain the insurgency taken up against it (Protect authority) -Seek to control |
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3 Pillars of Bush Doctrine |
-Unilateralism- Different ways of making decisions, made our own on America will stand alone (9/11) -Spread democracy -Prevention- claim right to attack country before retreat. |
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Alexander Wendt on social reality |
"Anarchy is what states make of it." |
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Importance of norms and rules in IR |
-International behavior relies on agreement about norms and rules. -Helps to define who the state is in the international community
-Ex. Human rights=Norm -Ex. Terrorist defined as international outlaw: Targets civilians intentionally |
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How do we see the mutual exploitation model in house of cards. |
The main character, Frank Underwood, gives insider information from the Whitehouse to a reporter, Zoey Barnes, in exchange for positive light in the media. Also, have sex with each other |
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How do we see "he who controls reality controls politics" in House Of Cards? |
Since Frank is controlling the media that the general public is getting their information from, he is simultaneously persuading them how to form opinions on political issues and representatives. |
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Political socialization |
The process by which the group teaches the attitudes to the members of society |
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Agents of political socialization |
Those from whom the groups learns the political culture (school, parents, media) |
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Importance of political culture to democracy |
Democratic political culture requires attitudes that support democracy. *Most important: Competing groups willing to accept other parties rule as legit. -Rule of law not gun -Takes social trust |
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DeTocqueville's prediction for America |
He predicted the United States would become polarized with opposite views growing further apart. He thought there would eventually be a lack of trust and an unwillingness to accept the rule of the other side and unwillingness to compromise and solve problems |
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DeTocqueville's Observations of America |
He thought America's political culture produced contradictions by valuing its freedom and democracy but at the same time still enslaved and dominated certain groups -Might tear country apart |
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How the (right) saw the 1960s |
1.Maintain society as it is 2. See as threatening to social order 3. conservative backlash 4. Associate expansion of rights with immoral counterculture |
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1960s (Left)
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1.Equality movements (Women, Civil rights, Anti-War, Anti-imperialism) -1968: Race 2. Hippies come later -Counterculture: freedom from traditional social control -1968: counterculture |
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Polarization debate |
Democrats involved in civil rights and equality movements while the republicans were worried about their conservative religious and political ideals. -lack of trust |
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Times of previous polarization in U.S. |
-Post civil war and reconstruction --ends with WW1,WW2, post wars -Begins again with the 1960s |
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Culture wars Thesis |
-Argument that Americans are increasingly polarized based on cultural issues of equality and liberty. -ex. abortion,feminism,homos, -bad for social trust |
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The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (book) |
-Book of Max Weber -Culture could be central determining factor in politics, society, and related economics. |
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What was the "dark underside" of athenian democracy mentioned in the film? |
Only ten percent of population are citizens and have a say in democracy.
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What is the perspective of some of the Iraqi civilians about the american occupation in Fallujah? |
Their citizens were being unrightfully murdered and removed from their own homes and towns.
-War didnt make life better -Military occupation not liberation |
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What was the military perspective |
Frustrated with lack of real plan |
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Significance of battle of fallujah |
-Battle that sparked eventual new strategy in Iraq -Limits of using force for meeting political goals. |
