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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sagittal Plane |
Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts. Also called anteroposterior plane.
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Frontal Plane |
Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts (Front and back.) Also called coronal or lateral plane. |
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Transverse Plane |
Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior (upper and lower) parts. Also called horizontal plane. |
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Frontal or Coronal Axis |
Axis that passes through the body horizontally from side to side (laterally), it intersects the sagittal plane. |
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Sagittal or Anteroposterior Axis |
Axis that passes through the body horizontally from front and back, it intersects the frontal plane |
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Vertical (longitudinal) Axis |
Axis that passes through the body vertically, it intersects the transverse plane |
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Name all the sagittal plane/frontal axis in relationship to planes, axes and movement |
-Flexion -Extension -Hyperextension -Dorsiflexion -Planter Flexion |
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Flexion |
Angle between two adjacent bones decrease a the movement progresses |
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Extension |
Angle between two adjacent bones increase, return from flexion |
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Hyperextension |
The continuation of extension beyond the straight line |
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Dorsiflexion |
Moving the top of the foot toward the shin |
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Plantar Flexion |
Moving the sole of the foot downward |
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Name all the frontal plane/sagittal axis in relationship to planes, axes and movement |
-abduction -adduction -ulnar deviation -radial deviation -lateral flexion -inversion -eversion |
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abduction |
sideward movement away from the midline of the body or body part, return from abduction |
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Adduction |
sideward movement toward the midline of the body or body part, return from abduction |
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Ulnar Deviation |
hand moves in direction of the little finger at the wrist |
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Radial Deviation |
hand moves in direction of the thumb at the wrist |
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Name all the transverse plane/vertical axis in relationship to planes, axes and movement |
-outward (lateral, external) rotation -inward (medial, internal) rotation -supination and pronation -neck and trunk rotation |
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Outward (lateral, external) Rotation |
rotation of a body part as a whole in such a way the anterior aspect of the segment turns laterally |
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Inward (medial, internal) rotation |
rotation of a body part as a whole in such a way that the anterior aspect of the segment turns medially |
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Supination and Pronation |
refers respectively to outward and inward rotation of the forearm |
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Name all the combined planes and axes movements |
-circumduction -horizontal adduction -horizontal abduction -diagonal abduction -diagonal adduction |
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Circumduction |
combo of movements, flexion, extension, abduction adduction performed in sequence, so the segment traces out a conical shape in space |
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Horizontal Adduction |
the upper extremity, first raised to shoulder level, is moved through the transverse plane toward the midline of the body |
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Horizontal Abduction |
The upper extremity, first raised to shoulder level, is moved through the transversed plane away from the midline of the body |
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Diagonal Adduction |
Movement by climb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body |
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Diagonal Abduction |
Movement by limb through a diagonal plane across and away from the midline of the body |
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Superior |
Toward the head |
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Inferior |
Toward the feet |
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Posterior |
Nearer to the back of the body |
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Anterior |
Nearer to the front of the body |
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Dorsal |
Same as posterior |
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Ventral |
Same as Anterior |
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Medial |
Nearer the midline of the body |
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Proximal |
Nearer the attachment of a limb or a structure; near the source or beginning of a body part |
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Distal |
Farther from the attachment of a limb or a structure; farthest from the source or beginning of a body part |
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Superficial |
Nearer to the surface |
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Deep |
Farther from the surface |
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Ipsilateral |
On the same side |
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Contralateral |
On the opposite side |
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Radial |
Toward the thumb side |
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Ulnar |
Toward the little finger side |
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Prone |
A body position in which the face is down |
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Supine |
A position in which the body is lying face up |
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Types of biomechanics motions |
-Translatory -Rotatory -Reciprocating |
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Translatory |
The object is translated as a whole from one location to another (rectilinear, curvilinear, circular). This could be seen in the gliding movements of the plane or irregular joints |
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Rotatory |
Movement occurs about an axis with all parts of the object moving in an arc. This would be most joints |
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Reciprocating |
Repetitive Movement |
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Factors of Stability to Consider |
1. height of center of gravity 2. size of base of support 3. inclining toward an oncoming force 4. friction-an important factor when the body is in motion or is subjected to an external force 5. segmentation-as much as possible body segments should be centered over the base of support |
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Types of forces |
external and internal |
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What three external forces? |
Gravity , friction, and resistance |
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What are five internal forces |
1. muscle contraction 2. compression 3. distraction (reactive) 4. shear 5. combination load |
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Compression |
translator force that applies a force on one joint segment toward the other joint segment |
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shear |
forces that are parallel to body surfaces that may cause shear stress on the material and structures on which they act |
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Anatomical positon |
individual stands erect with bellows fully extended and the palms facing forward. The gleno-humeral joint is in some external rotation and the forearm in slight supination. |
