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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allegory
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a story or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or for abstract ideas or qualities
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Alliteration
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the repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together
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Allusion
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a reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or some other branch of culture
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Analogy
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a comparison made between two things to show how they are alike
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Anapest
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a metrical foot that has two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable
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Anthropomorphism
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attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object
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Apostrophe
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a technique by which a writer addresses an inanimate object, an idea, or a person who is either dead or absent
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Assonance
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the repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds, especially in words close together
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Ballad
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a song or poem that tells a story
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Blank Verse
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poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
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Cadence
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the natural, rhythmic rise and fall of a language as it is normally spoken
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Catalog
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a list of things, people, or events
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Conceit
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an elaborate metaphor or other figure of speech that compares two things that are startlingly different
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Concrete Poem
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a poem in which the words are arranged on a page to suggest a visual representation of the subject
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Connotation
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the associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition
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Loaded/Suggestive Words
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words with strong connotations
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Consonance
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the repetition of the same or similar final consonant sounds on accented syllables or in important words
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Couplet
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two consecutive rhyming lines of poetry
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Dactyl
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a metrical foot of three syllables in which the first syllable is stressed and the next two are unstressed
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Dramatic Monologue
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a poem in which a character speaks to one or more listener
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Elegy
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a poem of mourning, usually about someone who has died
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Epic
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a long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular story
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Figure of Speech
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a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and that is not meant to be taken literally
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Simile
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a figure of speech that makes an explicit comparison between two unlike things, using a word such as like, as , than, or resembles
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Metaphor
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a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as , than, or resembles
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Personification
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a figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes
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Symbol
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a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself
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Figurative Language:
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another, more general name for figures of speech
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Foot
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a metrical unit of poetry
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Free Verse
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poetry that does not conform to a regular meter or rhyme scheme
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Imagery
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the use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience
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Repetition
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the act of repeating sounds, syllables or words
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Iamb
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a metrical foot in poetry that has an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, as in the word protect
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Iambic Pentameter
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a line of poetry that contains five iambic feet
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Internal Rhyme
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rhyme that occurs within a line of poetry or within consecutive lines
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Inversion
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the reversal of the normal word in a sentence or a phrase
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Irony
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in general, a discrepancy between appearances and reality
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Verbal Irony
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occurs when someone says one thing but really means something else
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Situational Irony
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takes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen
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Dramatic Irony
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a character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better
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Lyric Poem
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a poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of a speaker
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Directly Stated Metaphor
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states the comparison explicitly: “Fame is a bee”
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Implied Metaphor
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does not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison: “I like to see it lap the Miles”
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Extended Metaphor
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a metaphor that is extended or developed over a number of lines or with several examples
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Dead Metaphor
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a metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid
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Mixed Metaphor
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a metaphor that fails to make a logical comparison because its mixed terms are visually or imaginatively incompatible
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Meter
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a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry
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Scanning
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when the meter of a poem is indicated by using the symbol ( ' ) for stressed syllables and the symbol ( ˘ ) for unstressed syllables
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Iambic
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lines of poetry that have the pattern of unstressed, stressed
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Trochaic
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lines of poetry that have the pattern of stressed, unstressed
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Dactylic
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lines of poetry that follow the pattern of one stressed, two unstressed
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Anapestic
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lines of poetry that follow the pattern of two unstressed, one stressed
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Metonymy
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a figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing is referred to by something closely associated with it
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Octave
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an eight-line poem, or the first eight lines of a Petrarchan, or Italian, sonnet
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Ode
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a lyric poem, usually long, on a serious subject and written in dignified language
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Onomatopoeia
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the use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning
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Oxymoron
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a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase
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Paradox
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a statement that appears self-contradictory but that reveals a kind of truth
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Plain Style
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a way of writing that stresses simplicity and clarity of expression
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Quatrain
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a poem consisting of four lines, or four lines of a poem that can be considered as a unit
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Refrain
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a word, phrase, line, r group of lines that is repeated, for effect, several times in a poem
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Rhyme
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the repetition of vowel sounds in accented syllables and all succeeding syllables
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End Rhyme
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rhyming words at the ends of lines
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Rhyme Scheme
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the pattern of rhymes in a poem
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Approximate Rhyme
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words that have some correspondence in sound but not an exact one
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Rhythm
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the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in language
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Sestet
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Six lines of poetry, especially the last six lines of a Petrarchan, or Italian, sonnet
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Slant Rhyme
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a rhyming sound that is not exact
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Sonnet
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a fourteen-line poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of two basic structures
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Petrarchan Sonnet
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its first eight lines, called the octave, ask a question or pose a problem, and the last six lines, called the sestet, respond to the question or problem. Its most common rhyme scheme is abba, abba, cdecde
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Shakespearean Sonnet
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it has three four-line units, or quatrains, and it concludes with a couplet. Its most common rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, efef, gg
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Sound Effects
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the use of sounds to created specific literary effects like alliteration
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Spondee
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a metrical foot consisting of two syllables, both of which are stressed
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Tone
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the attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work, the characters in it, or the audience
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Diction
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a speaker or writer’s choice of words
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Style
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the distinctive way in which a writer uses language
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Trochee
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a metrical foot made up of an accented syllable followed by an unaccented syllable, as in the word taxi
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