Poetry

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"paragraph" of a poem

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stanza

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couplet

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2 lines

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quatrain

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4 lines

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cinquain

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5 lines

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sestet

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6 lines

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octave

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8 lines

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-describe one thing in terms of another
-simile
-metaphor

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figures of speech

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compares two unlike things

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metaphor

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extended metaphor

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developed over several lines of a poem

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uses words to suggest the comparison rather than directly stating it

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implied metaphor

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comparison using like or as

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simile

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descriptions that appeal to the senses

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imagery

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extended image

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developed over several lines in a poem

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using exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point. or evoke humor

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hyperbole

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contrast between expectation and reality

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irony

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an author's choice of words

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diction

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dictionary definition

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denotation

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meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests

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connotation

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an overused or stale expression

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cliche

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giving an inaminate object human-like qualities

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personification

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a word whose sound imitates the meaning of the word

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onomatopoeia

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repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words

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alliteration

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repetition of vowel sounds in non-rhyming words

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assonance

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when words have different vowel sounds but share a single consonant sound

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consonance

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repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them

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rhyme

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pattern of rhymes in a poem (ABABC)

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rhyme scheme

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some sounds in common but do not exactly rhyme

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approximate rhyme

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produces an echo effect

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exact rhyme

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no fixed pattern of meter, rhyme, rhyme length, or stanza arrangement

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free verse

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unrhymed poetry or dramatic verse written in iambic pentameter

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blank verse

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continuation of one sentence from one line of a poem to the next

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enjambment

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when two words in the same line rhyme

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internal rhyme

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when the last word in lines of poetry rhyme

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end rhyme

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unstressed followed by stressed

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iamb

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stressed followed by unstressed

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trochee

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two unstressed with one stressed

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anapest

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one stressed with two unstressed

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dactyl

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two stressed syllables

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spondel

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attitude a writer takes toward the audience, subject, or character

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tone

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general regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry

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meter

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building block of meter. Usually has at least one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables

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foot

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-17 syllables
-5 syllables in lines 1 and 3
-7 syllables in line 2
-contains a seasonal word or symbol
-presents a moment of discovery or enlightenment

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haiku

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-lighthearted
-follows either 77557 or 99559 format for syllables
-must have AABBA rhyme scheme

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limerick

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-poetry that resembles a list
-usually built on images
-list creates a rhythm for the poem

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catalogue poem

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-short, musical poem
-concrete meter and rhyme scheme
-expression of writer's thoughts and feelings

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lyric poem

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-14 lines
-iambic pentameter

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sonnet

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ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

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shakesperean sonnet

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ABBAABBA CDECDE

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petrarchan sonnet