Pnp Boards 1

Front 1

Good head control

Back 1

2-3 months

Front 2

Grasp and shakes rattle

Back 2

2-3 months

Front 3

Reaches for object or person

Back 3

3-4 months

Front 4

Rolls from front to back

Back 4

4-5 months

Front 5

Brings hands to midline

Back 5

4-5 months

Front 6

Rolls from back to front

Back 6

5-6 months

Front 7

Hand to hand object transfer

Back 7

5-6 months

Front 8

Unilateral reaching

Back 8

6-7 months

Front 9

Raking grasp

Back 9

6-7 months

Front 10

Sits alone

Back 10

7-8 months

Front 11

Finger feeding

Back 11

7-9 months

Front 12

Pincer grasp

Back 12

8-10 months

Front 13

Simple games- pat a cake

Back 13

9-10 months

Front 14

Creeps or crawls

Back 14

9-10 months

Front 15

Makes mark on paper with pencil/crayon

Back 15

10-12 months

Front 16

Pulls to standing

Back 16

cruises, 11-12 months

Front 17

Opens book/turns pages

Back 17

12-13 months

Front 18

Stands alone

Back 18

12 months-14 months

Front 19

Stacks 2 blocks

Back 19

12-15 months

Front 20

Walks forward

Back 20

12-16 months

Front 21

Walks backwards

Back 21

14-16 months

Front 22

Uses eating utensils

Back 22

15-17 months

Front 23

Walks up steps with assistance

Back 23

16-18 months

Front 24

Stacks 3 blocks

Back 24

17-18 months

Front 25

Simple puzzles (circles first)

Back 25

18-20 months

Front 26

Walks up and down steps alone

Back 26

22-24 months

Front 27

Stacks 6-7 blocks

Back 27

22-24 months

Front 28

Jumps with both feet

Back 28

24-28 months

Front 29

Balance on each foot 2 seconds

Back 29

2.5 years

Front 30

Tower of 8 cubes

Back 30

2.5 years

Front 31

Thumb wiggle

Back 31

2.5 years

Front 32

Hops

Back 32

3.5 years

Front 33

Walks upstairs alternating feet

Back 33

3.5 years

Front 34

Walks on tip toes

Back 34

3.5 years

Front 35

Copies circle

Back 35

3-3.5 years

Front 36

Heel to toe walking

Back 36

4.5 years

Front 37

Draws a person with 6 parts

Back 37

4.5 years

Front 38

Copies square

Back 38

5 years

Front 39

Responds to sound

Back 39

birth

Front 40

Smiles & coos

Back 40

2-3 months

Front 41

Laughs and expresses delight

Back 41

4-5 months

Front 42

Babbles

Back 42

5-6 months

Front 43

Dada and mama

Back 43

8-9 months

Front 44

Waves bye-bye

Back 44

8-9 months

Front 45

Understands no

Back 45

9-10 months

Front 46

2 words other than mama/dada

Back 46

11-12 months

Front 47

Jabbering

Back 47

12-13 months

Front 48

Begins to point to body parts

Back 48

15-18 months

Front 49

2 word phrases & sentences

Back 49

18-22 months

Front 50

30-50 words

Back 50

22-24 months

Front 51

What should an infant be able to do between birth and 1 month of age

Back 51

respond to sound at birth; grasp reflex/fisted hand, lifts head in prone position; stares at face by one month

Front 52

What should an infant be able to do at 2-3 months

Back 52

good head control; grasp and shakes rattle; smiles and coos; follows object past midline; lifts head 45 degrees in prone position; may reach for object/person @ 3 months

Front 53

What should an infant be able to do at 4-5 months

Back 53

put foot into mouth; rolls front to back; reaches for object/person; brings hands to midline; puts objects in mouth; laughs/expresses delight; smiles

Front 54

What should an infant be able to do at 5-6 months

Back 54

babbles with consonant sounds; rolls back to front; hand to hand object transfer; sits independently by 6 months; may unilaterally reach or raking grasp

Front 55

What should an infant be able to do at 7-9 months of age

Back 55

sits alone by 7-8 months; finger feeding; may have pincer grasp @ 8-9 months; says dada/mama; wave bye-bye; may understand no @ 9-10 months; pulls to stand; feeds self by 9 months

Front 56

What should an infant be able to do at 9-12 months

Back 56

creeps/crawls @ 9-10 months; pulls to stand/cruises @ 11-12 months; simple games (pat-a-cake @ 9-10 months); marks on paper with crayon @ 10-12 months; Understands no @ 9-10 months; understands 2-4 words besides mama/dada @ 11-12 months; helps turn book pages; releases object when requested; stands independently; walks holding on; points to wants; plays simple games @ 12 months

Front 57

What should an infant be able to do at 12-15 months

Back 57

stands alone; walks forward; may walk backward @ 14 months; stacks 2 blocks; turn book pages; jabbering @ 12-13 months; 15 months indicates wants; may name objects; several words; walks alone; hugs parents

Front 58

What should an infant be able to do at 16-18 months

Back 58

walks forward & backwards by 16 months; walks up steps with assistance; uses eating utensils; stacks 3 blocks by 17-18 months; begins to point to body parts (15-18 months)

Front 59

What should an infant be able to do at 18-22 months

Back 59

simple puzzles; walks up and down steps alone at 22-24 months; 2 word phrases/sentences

Front 60

What should a 2 year old be doing

Back 60

jumps with both feet; circular scribbling; may imitate line (by 2.5 years stacks 8 blocks, thumb wiggle, balance on each foot); 30-50 words/3 word sentences; runs/climbs/opens doors/listens to stories/helps to undress/walks up steps one at a time/uses spoon

Front 61

What should a 3 year old be doing

Back 61

copies circle/hops/walks upstairs alternating feet/walks on tip toes (3.5 years); build tower of 9 blocks; counts 3 objects; knows age/sex; rides tricycle; stands on one foot; parallel play; washes hands; helps to dress

Front 62

What should a 4 year old be doing

Back 62

heel to toe walking; draws a person with 6 parts (4.5 yrs); picks the longer of 2 lines; copies cross; tells a story; counts 4 objects; throws a ball; hops on one foot; uses scissors to cut pictures; interactive play; uses toilet alone

Front 63

What should a 5 year old be doing

Back 63

copies square; draws a person with 5-6 parts; names colors; counts to 10; skips; asks the meaning of words; dresses/undresses; hops 5 times

Front 64

What is the order of tooth eruption

Back 64

1. Lower (mandible) central incisors then max central incisors 2. Lower lateral incisor then max lateral incisor 3. Cuspids 4. 1st molars 5. 2nd molars

Front 65

First 3 stages- Freud

Back 65

Oral: 0-18 months; primary focus is the mouth (sucking/eating); major conflict=weaning; focused on the self with little differentiation from others;

Anal: 18 months-3 years; primary focus=anal (elimination); major conflict=potty training; focus on rebellion vs. parental demands;

Phallic: 3-6 years; primary focus=genitals (exploration); major conflict=oedipal; attracted to opposite sex parent; identifies with same sex parent

Front 66

Last 2 stages-Freud

Back 66

Latency: 6-11 years; no primary zone; focus on social relationships & mastery over impulses;

Genital: 11-18 years, primary focus is genital (sexual maturity and expression); major conflict=separation from family; focus on successful relationships

Front 67

Trust vs. mistrust (Erikson)

Back 67

0-18 months; trust develops when needs are met; mistrust develops when needs are ignored or met inconsistently

Front 68

Autonomy vs. shame & doubt (Erikson)

Back 68

18 months-3 years; autonomy develops when control over body & environment is gained; shame & doubt develop

Front 69

Initiative vs. guilt (Erikson)

Back 69

3-6 years; explores physical and imagines a fantasy world; conscience develops; guilt develops when activities are in conflict with goals of others

Front 70

Industry vs. inferiority (Erikson)

Back 70

6-11 years; achieves a sense of accomplishment and mastery; inferiority develops when more is expected that can be achieved

Front 71

Identity vs. role confusion (Erikson)

Back 71

11-18 years; pre-occupied with physical appearance and peers; role confusion develops when conflicts cannot be solved between child & society

Front 72

Amoral (Kohlberg)

Back 72

0-18 months; moral reasoning cannot begin until a certain level of cognitive development

Front 73

Obedience & punishment (Kohlberg: Preconventional)

Back 73

18 months-3 years; behavioral decisions made based on fear of punishment; good vs. bad defined by physical consequences

Front 74

Instrumental relativist (Kohlberg: Preconventional)

Back 74

3-6 years; behavioral decisions made based on concern for self or ego centric satisfaction

Front 75

Interpersonal concordance (Kohlberg: conventional)

Back 75

6-11 years; behavioral decisions made based on desire for approval from others

Front 76

Law & order (Kohlberg: conventional)

Back 76

6-11 years; behavioral decisions made based on respect for authority; laws take precedence over personal wishes

Front 77

Social contract/legalistic (Kohlberg: Post-conventional)

Back 77

11-18 years; morality based on personal values

Front 78

Universal ethical principle (Kohlberg: post-conventional)

Back 78

11-18 years; morality based on internalized ideals and conscience rather than social rules

Front 79

Sensorimotor (Piaget)

Back 79

0-2 years-no thinking structures; object permanence; causal spatial relations; use of instruments

Front 80

Preoperational (Piaget)

Back 80

2-7 years; develop language skills; cognitive structures; prelogical; egocentrism; transducive reasoning

Front 81

Concrete operational stage (Piaget)

Back 81

7 years-Adolescence; begins to question life; solves problems but haphazardly; mass-number-linear time; deductive reasoning

Front 82

Formal operations stage (Piaget)

Back 82

Adolescence & onward; capable of sophisticated logical thought; can think both abstract & hypothetically & solve problems using the logic of combinations

Front 83

Congenital rubella syndrome (S/S & Dx)

Back 83

s/s: cataracts; retinopathy; micropthalmos; glaucoma; retardation; congenital heart disease; FTT; blueberry muffin rash; delayed s/s: 2-4 year delay- diabetes; encephalopathy;

Dx- + viral culture; PCR; IgM antibodies

Front 84

Congenital rubella syndrome (Tx)

Back 84

Isolate infant from pregnant women; early intervention; refer to specialists

Front 85

Hepatitis B in the newborn (S/S & Dx)

Back 85

Incubation 60-150 days;

s/s: malaise; anorexia; N/V; RUQ pain; fever; HA; dark urine; rash; causes chronic carrier: later leads to hepatomegaly; jaundice; rash; arthlagia/arthritis;

Dx: serology; +surface antigen

Front 86

Hepatitis B in the newborn (Tx)

Back 86

Hep B vaccine in 1st 12 hours to avoid perinatal exposure; interferon used to treat chronic hepatitis B

Front 87

HSV in the neonate (SEM)

Back 87

Presents in 1st 2 weeks of life, cutaneous lesions where infant contacted mother’s genitals

Front 88

HSV in the neonate (CNS)

Back 88

2-3rd week; seizures; apnea; neuro disability

Front 89

HSV in the neonate (Disseminated)

Back 89

1st week; acutely ill; shock; DIC; very sick

Front 90

HSV in the neonate (Dx & Tx)

Back 90

+ culture

Acyclovir 20 mg/kg IV Q8 for 21 days (CNS disseminated); 14 days (SEM)

Front 91

HSV (STI)

Back 91

2 types: 1 usually oral, 2 usually genital: sexually transmitted from asymptomatic carriers,

S/S: painful vesicles/blisters with burning & irritation, dysuria, systemic symptoms, extra-genital lesions,

Dx: + viral culture,

Tx: Acyclovir

Front 92

Neonatal conjunctivitis (Chlamydia trachomatis)

Back 92

5-14 days after birth, conjunctival edema/injection, eye discharge, pseudomembrane, Tx: oral erythromycin for 10-14 days

Front 93

Neonatal pneumonia (Chlamydia trachomatis)

Back 93

2-19 weeks, rhinorrhea, congestions, tachypnea with staccato cough, rales (wheezing rare),

Dx: Culture, hyperinflation on chest x-ray associated with eosinophilia,

Tx: oral erythromycin for 10-14 days

Front 94

Chlamydia (STI)

Back 94

Often asymptomatic,

S/S: spotting, vaginal discharge, dysuria, pyuria, mild abdominal pain, FB sensation in the eyes, cervicitis, conjunctivitis,

Dx: + culture,

Tx: One gram Azithromycin PO x 1 dose, alt= doxy/erythromycin, levofloxacin

Front 95

Gonococcal conjunctivitis (newborn period)

Back 95

Injected/swollen conjunctiva, eye discharge that becomes thick, lid edema, can lead to blindness, cornea ulceration, scalp abscess, sepsis, meningitis with fever, tachypnea, tachycardia,

Dx: culture,

Tx: silver nitrate/erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime for disseminated disease

Front 96

HIV in the neonatal period (S/S)

Back 96

Can be asymptomatic for years, premature LBW, recurrent infections, FTT, diarrhea, developmental delay, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, CNS, parotitis

Front 97

HIV in the neonatal period (Dx)

Back 97

Excluded with 2 HIV DNA/RNA in breastfed

Front 98

HIV in the neonatal period (Tx)

Back 98

ARV prophylaxis, ARV Tx if + and <12 mo, consult ID specialist

Front 99

HPV

Back 99

Usually asymptomatic/subclinical but can cause pain, S/S: warts (cauliflower like), friable, appear 4-6 weeks after exposure,

Dx: PAP test,

Tx: cryotherapy, podofilox solution

Front 100

Congenital CMV (S/S)

Back 100

Most infants are asymptomatic (CMV affects 1% of newborns), Symptomatic at birth: IUGR, poor growth, jaundice, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, microceophaly, retinitis, Asymptomatic: sensorineural hearing loss, developmental delay

Front 101

Congenital CMV (Tx)

Back 101

Primary prevention, refer to specialty for screening

Front 102

Cephalohematoma

Back 102

Subperiostal blood collection, non ecchymotic, can overlie skull fx, will appear several hours after delivery, DOES NOT CROSS SUTURE LINE, will resolve in weeks/months, can lead to prolonged hyperbilirubinemia

Front 103

Caput succedaneum

Back 103

Soft tissue edema/bruising from vaginal trauma during birth process, CROSSES SUTURE LINE, will resolve in 2-3 days

Front 104

Tanner staging of male external genitalia

Back 104

I: pre-pubertal
II: Scrotum enlarges
III: penis begins to grow lengthwise, testes continue to grow
IV: penis grows in width, glans develops, testes & scrotum continue to grow, scrotum darkens
V: Adult

Front 105

Tanner staging of female breast development

Back 105

I: prepubertal
II: breast budding, areola enlargement
III: breast/areola continue to enlarge
IV: areola becomes secondary mound above breast
V: adult breast

Front 106

Tanner staging for pubic hair

Back 106

I: prepubertal
II: sparse growth of long/slightly pigmented at the base of the penis or on labia
III: darker/coarser/curled hair that spreads out
IV: Adult like in type but covers smaller area (not on medial thighs)
V: adults, spreads onto thighs