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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathological changes From Pneumonia
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inflammation of the alveoli
alveolar consolidation |
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Causes of Pneumonia
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Bacterial, viral, aspiration
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Accounts for 80% of all cases
80 different types Generally from cough or sneeze |
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Staphylococcal pneumonia
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two groups
1. staphylococcus aureus 2. staphylococcus albus often follow virul infection cough or sneeze |
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Gram-Positive Organisms
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streptococcus pneumoniae
staphylococcal pneumonia |
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Gram-negative organisms
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klebsiella pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae pseudomonas aerginosa |
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Viral Causes
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parasitic
90% of upper respiratory tract infections 50% of lower resp tract infections |
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Symptoms
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cough - greenish yellow mucus
fever with shaking chills sharp and stabbing pain rapid shallow breathing SOB |
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Chest assesment findings
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Inc tactile and vocal fremitus
Dull percussion note Bronchial breath sounds Crackles and rhonchi |
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ABG Results Mild to moderate
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pH up, CO2 down, HCO3 down, O2 down
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ABG Results sever
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pH down, CO2 up, HCO3 up, O2 down
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Obtaining a specimen
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Rinse mouth prior
deep breath in cough deep from the tracheobronchial tree in a steril specimen container |
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X ray finding
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Chest xray may be normal
pleural effusions are common with bacterial pneumonia air bronchial may appear |
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Blood cultures
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30% are + with pneumococcal
70% + with H. influenzae |
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Manangement
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handwashing (prevention)
O2 bronchial hygiene antibiotics analgesics |
