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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Pneumonia
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Lower respiratory tract infection involving the alveoli. Presence of infiltrates on CXR to distinguish from bronchitis
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Define Bronchitis
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LRTI involving bronchi
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Acute bronchitis often caused by:
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Viruses
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Chronic bronchitis often caused by:
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bacteria, associated w/ smoking/COPD
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Define bronchiolitis
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LRTI involving very small bronchi, esp in infants/young children
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Clinical Findings in Typical Pneumonia
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high fever, productive cough, chest pain, lobar/segmental consolidation on CXR
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Clinical Findings in Atypical Pneumonia
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low/no fever, dry cough, no chest pain, gradual onset, negative gram, patchy infiltrate on CXR
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Bugs causing community acquired pneumonia
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strep pneumoniae, haemophilus infulenzae, legionella pneumophila, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis
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Bugs causing nosocomial pneumonia
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s. aureus, mixed anaerobic/aerobic bact, coliforms: e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, proteus
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Post-influenza predisposes to pneumonia from:
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s. aureus
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military recruits predisposed to PNA from:
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m. pneumoniae, adenoviruses
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Air conditioning/tap water aerosols predispose to PNA from:
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Legionella
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Alcohol predisposes to PNA from:
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pneumococci, legionella, h. flu, klebsiella
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COPD predisposes to PNA from:
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h. flu, klebsiella
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Severe neutropenia predisposes to PNA from:
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coliforms, pseudomonas, s. aureus
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cystic fibrosis predisposes to PNA from:
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pseudamonas auruginosa
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Ventilator associated PNA:
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coliforms, pseudomonas, s. aureus
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Predisposing factors to LRTI
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Stupor: suppressed cough reflex; viral resp infxn, immunosuppresion
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PNA bugs by age: neonates
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Group B Strep, E. Coli, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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PNA bugs by age: Infants
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chlamydia trachomatis; RSV, parainfluenza
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PNA bugs by age: Young children
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strep pneumoniae, h. flu, RSV, parainfluenza
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PNA bugs by age: Older children
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m. pneumoniae, strep pneumoniae, adenovirus
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PNA bugs by age: young adults
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m pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis, strep pneumoniae, adenovirus
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PNA bugs by age: older adults
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strep pneunomiae, h. flu, legionella pneumophila, influenza
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Lung abscess formed by (bugs):
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anaerobes (Peptostrep, fusobacterium, bacteroides); facultatives (viridans, klebsiella, s. aureus)
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