Pneumonia/tuberculosis

Front 1

Name the primary risk factor for pneumonia

Back 1

Advanced Age

Front 2

Name symptoms of Bacterial pneumonia

Back 2

Shaking/chills, chest pain, sweats, cough which produces green colored sputum, increased respiratory rate and pulse, decrease oxygenation

Front 3

Name symptoms of pneumonia

Back 3

Increased tactile fremitus over consolidation, crackles on auscultation that don't clear with cough, bronchial breath sounds over consolidation, dull, thud like percussion over area of consolidation

Front 4

Explain the etiology and risk factors of lower respiratory disorders

Back 4

Pathogens/ Aspiration/ Inhalation/ Influenza. RIsk factors include, age, smoking, upper respiratory infection, prolonged immobility, immunosuppressed therapy, impaired immune system, malnutrition, dysphagia, altered level of consciousness

Front 5

Name antiobiotics to treat Community Acquired Pneumonia

Back 5

Erythromycin; Azithromycin; Levofloxacin

Front 6

Name antiobiotics to treat Nosocomial Pneumonia

Back 6

Pipercillin; tazobactam; Cefepime

Front 7

Name antiobiotics to treat Aspiration Pneumonia

Back 7

Clindamycin; Zosyn; Ampicillin; Sulbactam

Front 8

Interventions for Pneumonia

Back 8

Postural Drainage; Oxygen during meals to decrease dyspnea and hypoxia

Front 9

Pneumonia Vaccine

Back 9

All persons age 65 and older. Given ONCE,

Front 10

Define Tuberculosis

Back 10

Airbourne transmission disease thats transmitted to the alveoli. THe bacteria are transported to the bloodstream to other parts of the body and areas of the lungs. Phagocytes (Neutrophils and macrophages) engulf many of the bacteria

Front 11

Name the cause of Bovine TB

Back 11

Drinking raw, unpasteurized milk from infected cattle

Front 12

What are some factors associated with progression from Dormant Tuberculosis to Active Tuberculosis?

Back 12

Close contact with someone with TB; old age; HIV INFECTION; Immunosuppressed; low body weight; prolonged steroid use; comorbid conditions (DIabetes, Renal Disease)

Front 13

What way can you Diagnosis TB?

Back 13

Calcified lesions on Chest XRay & Positive skin reaction

Front 14

Name clinical manifestations associated with TB?

Back 14

Dyspnea; productive cough; hemoptysis; pleuritic chest pain (pain with deep breath) chest tightness; crackles; low grade fever

Front 15

Mantoux test?

Back 15

Detects infection with Tubercle Bacilli but not necessarily TB; 0.1cc administered, must be read in 48-72 hours; Redness (Erythema is NORMAL) ; Induration (Hard area) indicates Infected with TB

Front 16

Types of mm duration

Back 16

>5mm induration- positive in high risk individuals
>10mm induration-positive in other high risk individuals
>15mm induration- positive if no known risk factors

Front 17

What confirms a test for Tuberculosis??

Back 17

AFB Sputum smear/culture**must have 3 negative 3 days in a row** and Chest X Ray to confirm diagnosis of TB/initiate respiratory isolation

Front 18

What is the QFT-Gold Test?

Back 18

Blood test thats available in 24 hours- positive indicates client has been infected but does not confirm progression to active TB....limited in immunocompromised clients

Front 19

During an M.Tuberculosis culture, when is a patient considered non-infectious?

Back 19

after 3 negative sputum cultures **most reliable test** If cultures are still positive after 4 months need treatment change/ Absence of fever and dyspnea; no cough

Front 20

What medication is used for TB and inhibits cell wall synthesis by interfering with lipid & DNA synthesis?

Back 20

INH (Isoniazid)--Liver & Kidney side effects- Take on empty stomach; NOT with antacids, caution use with anticoagulants

Front 21

What medication is used to treat Pulmonary TB?

Back 21

Rifampin; inhibits bacterial RNA Synthesis; - Kidney and liver side effects, GI Upset, **Turns pee orange**

Front 22

What tuberculosis medication alters cell metabolism during cell division?

Back 22

Ethambutol- Report visual changes!

Front 23

What TB medication elevated Uric Acid?

Back 23

Pyrazinamide-- adjunct treatment when primary or secondary meds cant be used or have failed

Front 24

How would you protect yourself as a nurse with a patient who has TB?

Back 24

Wear mask; Negative pressure room **At least 6 air changes per hour** ;