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A set of interrrelated actions and activities performed to achieve a pre-specified product, result, or service.
A Process
Each process is characterized by...
1. inputs.
2. The tools and techniques that can be applied.
3. resulting outputs
Provide guidelines and criteria for tailoring the organization's processes to the specific needs of the project.
Organizational process assets
May constrain the project managememnt options
Enterprise environmental factors.
4 things a project team must do in order for a project to be successful.
1. Select appropriate processes required to meet the project objectives
2. Use a defined approach that can be adopted to meet requirements.
3. Comply with requirements to meet stakeholder needs and expectations.
4. Balance the competing demands of scope, time cost quality, resources, and risk to produce the specified product, service, or result.
2 major categories of project process that are performed by the project team.
1. Project management processes.
2. Product-oriented processes
Ensure the effective flow of the project throughout its existence.
Project management processes.
Encompass tools and techniques involved in applying the skills capabilities described in the Knowledge Areas.
Project management processes.
Specify and create the project's product
Product-oriented Processes.
Producte-Oriented processes are typically defined by the...
Project life cycle
For product-oriented processes, the scope of the project cannot be defined without...
some basic understanding of how to create the specified product.
Means there is general agreement that the application of project management process has been shown to enhance the cances of success over a wide range of projects
Good practice
Should the knowledge, skills, and processes described always be applied uniformly on all projects?
No.
Who is responsible for determining which processes are appropriate and the appropriate degree of rigor for each process?
The project manager in collaboration with the project team.
The effort of project managers and their teams to carefully address each process and its contituent inputs and outpus is known as...
Tailoring.
True or False. Projects exists within an organization and cannot operate as a closed system.
True.
The five Project Management Process Groups
1. Initiating Process Group.
2. Planning Process Group.
3. Executing Process Group.
4. Monitoring and Controlling Process Group.
5. Closing Process Group.
Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
Initiating pocess group.
Those processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken tto achieve.
Planning process group.
Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications.
Executing process group.
Those processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate the corresponding changes
Monitoring and Controlling Process Group.
Those processes performed to finalize all activities across all process Groups to formally close the project or phase.
Closing process group.
How are project management process groups linked?
By the outputs they produce.
The integrative nature of project management requires the Monitoring and controlling process group to...
Interact with the other process groups.
The output of one process generally becomes...
the input for another process or a deliverable.
The ________ provides the Executing process group with the project management plan and the project documents.
Planning process group.
If a project is divided into phases, the _________ interact within each phase.
process groups.
Are process groups the same as phases?
No. If a project has phases, the process groups generally repeat for each phase.
This means that processes from any process group may be used throughout the project life cycle.
The iterative nature of project management.
The 9 project management knowledge areas
1. Project integration management.
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project tTime Management
4. Project cost management.
5.Project quality management.
6. Project human resource management.
7. Project communications management.
8. Project risk management.
9. Project procurement management.
Consists of those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
The initiating process group.
The processes when initial scope and initial financial resources are identified.
Initiation processes
The processses where the internal and external stakeholders who will interact and influence the overall outcome of the project are identified.
Initiation processes
The process of developing a document that formally authorizes a project or a phase and documenting initial requirements that satisfy the stakeholder's needs and expectations.
Develop the project charter.
The process of identifying people or organizations impacted by the project and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement and impact on project success.
Indentify stakeholders
Consists of those processes performed to establish the total scope of the effort, define and refine the objectives, and develop the course of action required to attain those objectives.
The Planning process group
Dovelops the project management pland and the project documents that will be used to carry out the project.
The planning processes
The progressive detailing of the project management plan is often called _______ indicating that planning and documentation are iterative and ongoing processes.
rolling wave planning
The process of documenting the actions necessary to define, prepare, integrate, and coordinate all subsidiary plans.
Develop Project Management Plan
Becomes the primary source of information for how the project will be planned, executed, monitored and controlled and closed.
Project management plan
the process of defining and documenting stakeholders needs to meet the project objectives.
Collect Requirements
The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product
Define Scope.
The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components
Create work breakdown structure.
The process of identifying the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables.
Define Activities
The process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities.
Sequence activities.
The process of estimating the type and quantities of material, people, equipment , or supplies required to perrform each activity
Estimate Activity Resources
The process of approximating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with estimated resources.
Estimate activity durations
The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule.
Develop Schedule
The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities.
Estimate Costs.
The process of aggregating the estimated costs of indivvidual activities or work package to establish an authorized cost baseline
Determine Budget.
The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and produce and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance
Plan quality
The process of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and required skills, reporting relationships, and creating a staffing management plan.
Develop human resource plan
The process of determining project stakeholder information needs and defining a commun ication approach
Plan communications
The process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project.
Plan Risk Management
The process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics
Indentify Risks
The process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact.
Perform qualitative risk analysis
the process of numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks to overall project objectives
Perform quantitative risk analysis
The process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives
Plan risk responses
The process of documenting project purchasing decisions, specifying the approach, and identifying potential sellers
Plan procurements.
Processes of the Initiating process group
1. Develop Project Charter.
2. Indentify Stakeholders
Processes of the Planning Process group.
1. Develop pmp
2. Collect requirements.
3. Define Scope.
4. Create WBS.
5. Define activities.
6. Sequence activities.
7. Estimate activity resources.
8. Estimate activity durations.
9. Develop the schedule.
10. Estimate costs.
11. Determine budget
12. Plan Quality
13. Develop HR plan.
14. Plan Communications.
15. Plan risk.
16. Identify risks
17. Qualitative risk analysis
18. Quantitative risk analysis
19. Plan risk responses.
20. plan procurements.
Consists of those processes performed to compete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications.
Executing Process Group
Involves coordinating people and resources, as well as integrating ad performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan.
Executing Process Group.
the process of performing the work defined in the pmp to achieve the project's objectives
Direct and manage project execution.
The process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.
Perform quality assurance.
The process of confirming human resource availability and optaining the team necessary to complete project assignments.
Acquire project team.
The process of improving the competencies, team interaction and the overall team environment to enhance project performance.
Develop the project team.
The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance.
Manage project team.
the process of making relevant information available to project stakeholders as planned.
Distribute information
The process of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and addressing issues as they occur.
Manage stakeholder expectations.
the process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, and awarding a contract.
Conduct procurements.
What process are performed within the executing process group?
1. Direct and manage project execution.
2. Perform QA.
3. Acquire project team.
4. Develop project team.
5. Manage project team.
6. Distribute information
7. Manage stakeholder expectations.
8. Conduct Procurements.
Consists of those processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate the corresponding changes.
Monitoring and Controlling Process Group.
The key benefit of the monitoring and controlling process group.
Project performance is observed and measured regularly and sonsistently to identify variances from the project management plan.
Group where controlling changes and recommending preventive action in anticipation of possible problems.
Monitoring and controlling group.
Group where monitoring the ongoing project activities against the pmp and the project performance baseline.
Monitoring and controlling group.
Group where influencing factors that could circumvent integrated change control so only approved changes are implemented.
Monitoring and controlling process group.
The process of tracining, reviewing, and regulating the progress to meet the performance objectives of the pmp.
Monitor and control project work.
Includes status reporting, progress measurement, and forecasting.
Monitor and control project work.
Within this grprocess, performance reports provide information on the projects performance with regard to scope, schedule, cost, resources, quality, and risk, which can be used as inputs to other processes.
Monitor and control project work.
Process of reviewing all change reqests, approving changes, and managing changes to the deliverables, organizational process assets, project documents, and the project management plan.
Perform Integrated change control.
Process of formalizing accepta ce of the completed project deliverables.
Verify scope.
The process of moitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline
Control scope.
The process of monitoring the status of the project to update project progress and managing changes to the schedule baseline.
Control schedule.
The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the project nbudget and managing changes to the cost baseline
Control Costs
The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes.
Perform Quality Control.
The process of collecting and distributing performance information including status reports, progress measurements, and forecasts
Report performance
The process of implementing risk response plans, tracking identified resks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project.
Monitor and Control Risks.
The process of managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, and making changes and corrections as needed.
Administer procurements.
Consists of those processes performed to finalize all activities across all project management process groups to formally complete the project, phase, or contractual obligations.
Closing process group.
When completed, this process group verifies that the defined processes are completed within all the process groups to close the project or a project phase, as appropriate, and formally establishes that the project or project phase is complete.
Closing process group
What may occur during project or phase closure?
1. Obtain acceptance by the customer or sponsor.
2. Conduct post-project or phase-end review
3. Record impacts of tailoring to any process.
4. Document lessons learned.
5. Apply appropriate updates to organizational process assets
6. Archive all relevant project documents in the project management information system (PMIS).
7. Close out procurements.
The process of finalizing all activities across all of the management process groups to formally complete the project or phase.
Clse project or phase.
The process of completing each project procurement.
Close procurements.
What processes are part of the monitoring and controlling process group
1. Monitor and control project work.
2. Perform integrated change control.
3. Verify scope.
4. Control scope.
5. control schedule.
6. control costs.
7. perform quality control
8. report performance.
9. monitor and control risks.
10. Administer procurements.
What process are part of the closing process group.
1. Close project or phase.
2. Close procurements.
Which process establishes scope, refines the objectives, and defines the course of action?
Planning Process Group
Which process group defines and authorizations a new project or phase?
Initiating process group
Which process group completes the work defined the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications?
Executing Process Group
Which process group tracks, reviews, and regulates the progress and performance of the project including identifying changes and initiates corresponding changes.
Monitoring & Controlling Process Group
Which process group finalizes all activities to formally close the project or phase?
Closing Process Group
Which process groups integrates with all the others?
Monitoring & Controlling
What are general activities that occur during the initiating phase?
Initial scope is defined
Initial financial resources are committed
Stakeholders are identified
Project Manager will be selected
What is the key purpose of the initiating phase?
align stakeholder expectations with project's purpose
give stakeholders visibility about the scope and objectives
show their participation in the project
*SET THE VISION FOR THE PROJECT
What are the general activities that occur during the Planning process group?
Establish total scope
Define & refine objectives
Develop course of action to attain objectives
What are the key benefits of the Monitoring & Controlling Process Group?
Project performance is measured and analyzed at regular intervals, events, etc. to identify variances from the proj management plan.
What are the key functions of the Monitoring & Controlling process group?
Control changes, recommend corrective or preventive action
Monitor ongoing activities against plan
Influence the factors that could circumvent integrated change control or config management
What is work performance data, information, vs. reports?
data – raw observations and measurements
information – perf data collected from various controlling processes, analyzed in context and integrated
reports – physical or electronic representation of work performance info compiled – intended to gen decision or raise issues, actions, or awareness
Work perf data comes from
work perf info comes from
work perf reports comes from
project execution
controlling processes
overall project control
What are items in initiating process group across all knowledge areas?
Integration Mgmt > Develop project charter
Stakeholder Mgmt > Identify Stakeholders
What are items in planning process group across all knowledge areas?
Integration > Develop Proj Mgmt Plan
Scope > Plan Scope Mgmt, Collect req, scope, WBS
Time > Plan Schedule Mgmt, Activities, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Resources, Estimate activity durations, develop schedule
Cost Mgmt > Plan Cost Mgmt, Estimate costs, determine budget
Quality Mgmt > Plan Quality Mgmt
HR > Plan HR Resource Mgmt
Comm > Plan Comm Mgmt
Risk Mgmt > Risk Mgmt, Id Risks, Qualitative RA, Quantiative RA, Plan Risk Responses
Procurement > Plan Procurement Mgmt
Stakeholder > Plan stakeholder mgmt
What are items in executing process group across all knowledge areas?
Integration > Direct & Manage Project work
Quality > Perform qa
HR > Acquire team, develop team, manage team
Comm > Manage comm
Procurement > Conduct procurements
Stakeholder > Manage stakeholder engagement
What are items in monitoring / control process group across all knowledge areas?
Integration > Monitor & Control Project Work, perform integrated change control
Scope > Validate scope, control scope
Time > Control schedule
Cost > Control costs
Quality > Control quality
Comm > Control communications
Risk > Control Risks
Procurement > Control procurements
Stakeholder > Control stakeholder engagement
What are items in closing process group across all knowledge areas?
Integration > Close project or phase
Procurement > Close procurements
What is a set of interrelated actions and activities performed to create a pre–specified product, service, or result.
A Process.
What is each process characterized by?
Its inputs, the tools and techniques that can be applied, and the resulting outputs.
what should the PM consider and take into account for every process, even if they are not explicitly listed as inputs in the process specification?
Organizational process assets and enterprise environmental factors.
What provides guidelines and criteria for tailoring the organization's processes to the specific needs of the project?
Organizational process assests.
Enterprise environmental factors may constrain the _________________ (3 words).
Project management options.
The poject processes are performed by the project team with stakeholder interaction and generally fall into two major categories. What are the two categories?
1. Project management processes
2. Product–oriented processes
What are project management processes?
Processes that ensure the effective flow of the project throughout its life cycle.
What are product–oriented processes?
Processes that specify and create the project's product.
How are product–oiented processes typically defined?
By the project life cycle and vary by application area as well as the phase of the product life cycle.
The PMBOK describes which of the 2 process categories?
The project management processes.
Do project management processes apply globally across all industry groups?
Yes
What are the 5 process groups?
1. Initiating
2. Planning
3. Executing
4. Monitoring and Controlling
5. Closing
How is the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group different from the other process groups?
Monitoring and Controlling processes occur at the same time as processes contained in the other process groups. It is a background process group for the other four process groups.
Project management process groups are linked by what?
The outputs which are produced.
Deliverables at the subproject or project level are called what?
Incremental deliverables.
Are process groups the same as project life cycle phases?
No. In fact, it is possible that all process groups can be conducted within a phase.
When does the initiating process start?
After obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
What actions occur within the initiating process?
1. Initial scope is defined
2. Initial financial resources are committed
3. Internal and external stakeholders are identified
4. The PM is selected
Where is initiating process information captured?
In the project charter and stakeholder register.
When does the project become officially authorized?
When the project charter is approved.
Can the project team help write the project charter?
Yes, but this standard assumes that business case assessment, approval, and funding are handled externally to the project boundaries.
What is the key purpose of the Initiating process group?
Align the stakeholder's expectations with the project's purpose, give them visibility about the scope and objectives, show how their participation in the project and its associated phases can ensure that their expectations are achieved.
The initiating process group helps set the ________________ of the project.
Vision – what is needed to be accomplished.
On big projects, why should the initiating process be performed at the start of each phase?
It helps to keep the project focused on the business need that the project was undertaken to address.
What process group consists of the processes performed to establish the total scope of the effort, define and refine the objectives and develop the course of action required to attain those objectives?
The Planning Process Group
The progressive detailing of the project management plan is called _________________?
Progressive elaboration.
What is the key benefit of the Planning Process Group?
It delineates the strategy and tactics as well as the course of action or path to successfully complete the project or phase.
The ________________________ process group conists of those processes perfromed to complete the work devined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications.
Executing Process Group.
What actions are involved with the executing process group?
1. Coordinating people and resources
2. Managing stakeholder expectations
3. Integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan
Does rebaselining occur during project execution?
Yes, results may require planning updates and rebaselining.
What types of changes may occur during the project execution?
Changes to expected activity durations, changes in resource productivity and availability, and unanticipat risks.
A large portion of the project's budget will be expended in performing the ___________________ Process Group processes.
Executing
What process group consists of processes required to track, review, and orchestrate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate the corresponding changes?
The Monitoring and Controlling Process Group
What is the key benefit of the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
That project performance is measured and analyzed at regular intervals, appropriate events, and identify variances from the project management plan.
The Monitoring and Controlling Process Group involves what three actions?
1. Controlling changes and recommending corrective or preventive action in anticipation of possible problems.
2. Monitoring the ongoing project activities against the project management plan and the project performance measurement baseline
3. Influencing the factors that could circumvent integrated change control or configuration management so only approved changes are implemented.
Continuous monitoring provides the project team with what?
The health of the project and it identifies any areas requireing additional attention.
In multiphase projects the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group coordinates project phases in order to implement corrective or preventive action to _______________________________.
bring the project into compliance with the project management plan.
The terms project and data are often used interchangeably, However the indiscriminate use of these terms can cause confusion and misunderstanding. What are the 3 categories of project information described in the PMBOK?
1. Work performance data
2. Work preformance information
3. Work performance reports
How is work preformance data defined in the PMBOK?
The raw observations and measurements identified during activities performed to carry out project work.
Give some examples of work performance data.
1. Reported percentage of work completed
2. Quality and technical performance measures
3. Start and finish dates of schedule activities
4. Number of change requests
5. Actual costs
6. Actual durations
How is work preformance information defined in the PMBOK?
The performance data collected from various controlling processes, analyzed in context and integrated based on relationships across areas.
Give some examples of work performance information.
1. Status of deliverables
2. Implementation status for change requests
3. Forecasted estimates to complete
How is work preformance reports defined in the PMBOK?
The physical or electronic representation of work performance information compiled in project documents, intended to generate decisions or raise issues, actions, or awareness.
Give some examples of work performance reports.
1. Status reports
2. Memos
3. Justifications
4. information notes
5. Electronic dashboards
6. Recommendations
7. Updates
What does Knowledge Areas represent?
A complete set of concepts, terms, and activities that make up a professional field, or area of specialization.
How many Knowledge Areas does the PMBOK identify?
10
What are the 10 Knowledge Areas?
1. Project Integration Management
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project Time Management
4. Project Cost Management
5. Project Quality management
6. Project Human Resource Management
7. Project Communications Management
8. Project Risk Management
9. Project Procurement Management
10. Project Stakeholder Management
What is the memonic for remembering the 10 knowleddge areas
I slipped the cat quaaludes, hope cat relaxes, please sir.

Integration, Scope, Time, Cost, Quality, Human resources, Communications, Risk, Procurement, Stakeholder
Although the 47 processes are presented in the PMBOK as discrete elements with well–defined interfaces, in practice they are ____________________ ?
Iterative and can overlap and interact in ways not detailed in the PMBOK.
Project management processes are aggregated into what Process Groups?
Initiate
Plan
Execute
Monitor and Control
Close
What is a Process Management?What is a process?


(Approved)
– Project Management is considered as a number of inter–linked processes (47)
– A process is a set of interrelated actions and activities that are performed to achieve a pre–specified set of products, results, or services.– A process is described by its inputs, tool & techniques and outputs (Documents)
How are Project Management Processes defined?

(Approved)
Project management processes are concerned with describing and organizing the work of the project and are organized within:

– 10 Knowledge areas
– 5 Process groups
How are Product Management Processes defined?

(Approved)
Product–oriented processes specify and create the project product.
How do Project Management Processes and Product Management Processes relate?

(Approved)
Project management processes and product–oriented processes overlap and interact throughout the project.
What does Project Management Integration require?
Project Management Integration requires each project and product process to be appropriately aligned and connected with the other process to facilitate their coordination.
What are the success factors for the project team?
The project team must evaluate and decide which processes from the Process Groups are appropriate in order to meet the project objective.
They must use a defined approach to adapt the product specifications and plans to meet project and product requirements.
The project team must comply with requirements to meet stakeholder needs, wants and expectations.
The project team must balance the competing demands of scope, time, cost, quality, resources,and risk to produce a quality product.
Why does project management have to be integrative?
– Requires tradeoffs among project requirements and objectives.
– Some processes may have to be iterated several times to define and meet stakeholder requirements and reach agreement on the outcome.
– Processes overlap and interact in ways that depend on the nature of the project and projects product.
– PM and team are responsible for determining what processes will be employed, by whom, and the degree of rigor that will be applied to their execution to achieve the desired objective.
Which Process Groups does the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group interact with?
The Monitoring and Controlling Process Group interacts with EVERY aspect of the other Process Groups.
In what order are Process Groups performed?
The Process Groups have clear dependencies and are performed in the same sequence in each project or project phase.
– Constituent processes have interactions within a Process Group and among Process Groups.
Are Process Groups the same as Project Phases?
The Process Groups are NOT Project Phases.
Process Group – Initiating
Initiating defines and authorizes the project or a project phase.
Process Group – Planning
Planning defines and refines objectives, and plans the course of action required to attain the objectives and scope that the project was undertaken to address.
Process Group – Executing
Executing integrates people and other resources to carry out the project management plan for the project.
Process Group – Monitoring & Controlling
Monitoring & Controlling regularly measures and monitors progress to identify variances from the project management plan so that corrective action can be taken when necessary to meet project objectives.
Process Group – Closing
Closing formalizes acceptance of the product, service or result and brings the project or a project phase to an orderly end.
Initiating Process Group Overview
Definition: Processes performed to start a new project or phase. Goal is to obtain authorization to start the phase or project;
The project manager will be selected if that has not already beend one.
Initiation information is captured in the Project Charter and the Stakeholder Register.
As part of the Initiating Process Group, many large or complex projects may be divided into phases. Reviewing the initiating process at the start of each phase helps to keep the project focused on the business need that the project was undertaken to address.
Planning Process Group Overview
Definition: Processes performed to establish the total scope of the project, define the objectives, and develop the course of action for the project.
The Planning Processes develop the Project Management Plan and the project documents that will be used to carry out the plan.
The multi–dimensional nature of project management causes repeated feedback loops for additional analysis. This corresponds to progressive elaboration.
Progressive detailing of the project management plan is often called "rolling wave planning".
What Interactions occur during the Planning Process?
– Involve appropriate stakeholders (as identified in initiation / based on stakeholder influence on project and outcomes / create an environment where stakeholders can contribute appropriately)
– Procedures set by the organization identify when the planning effort ends.
– Other interactions within the Planning Process Group are dependent on the nature of the project.
– The Planning Process Group facilitates planning across multiple processes.
– The results of the iterations are documented as updates to the Project Management Plan.
Executing Process Group Overview
Definition: Processes used to complete the work defined in the project management plan to accomplish the project's requirements.
– Coordinating people and resources, as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan.
– Vast majority of project's budget will be expended here.
What Interactions occur during the Executing Process?
– Normal execution variances will cause some replanning: activity actual durations, resource productivity and availability, unanticipated risks.
– Variances can require analysis with results that may affect the Project Management Plan.
– Can trigger a change request that, if approved, may modify the project management plan and/or require a new baseline.
Monitoring & Controlling Process Group Overview
Definition: Processes performed to track, review, and regulate the project execution so that potential problems can be identified in a timely manner and changes made to the plan when necessary.
Project performance is observed and measured regularly to identify variances from the project management plan. Includes controlling changes and recommending preventive action.
What Interactions occur during the Monitoring & Controlling Process?
In multi–phase projects, provides feedback between project phases, in order to implement corrective or preventive actions to bring the project into compliance with the project management plan.
when variances occur, the Planning Process Group is revisited as part of the modified plan–do–check–act cycle.
This review can result in recommended updates to the project management plan.
Closing Process Group Overview
Definition: Processes used to finalize all activities, in all process groups, to formally complete a project or project phase, hand off the completed product to others or close a cancelled project.
What are the 10 Knowledge areas and to what they are related?
(Approved)
– Integration Management: Organization of the Project
– Scope Management: Products deliverables
– Time management: Project schedule
– Cost Management: Cost estimate & cash flow
– Human resources management: Resources in terms of quantity and quantity
– Communications management: Horizontal and vertical
–Risk management: Unknown
– Procure management: Make or buying decision
– Stakeholder management: Everyone in the project


Note: Communication includes change management (not covered independently)
PDCA cycle (Plan–Do–Check–Act) & Project Management
(Approved)
P (Initiate & planning)
D (Execute)
C (Monitor and control)
A (Closing)
Mapping to PDCA Cycle


(Approved)
– Project records is lessons learned
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Project Boundaries (Before initiating)


(Approved)
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