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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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light reaction location
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the granna stack membranes in the chloroplasts
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chlorophyll
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green pigment assocaite w/ the granna stacks that absorbs light energy from the sun
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electrons
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electrons used in the light reaction comes from the splitting of water
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product of the light reaction
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oxygen, atp, nadph
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dark reaction uses:
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co2, atp, nadph
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product of dark reaction
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glucose
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glucose makes 2 things
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1) makes plant products--cellulose for cell wall
2) makes energy by breaking bonds and forming atp and nadh |
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cool-season c3 pathway first step
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6 (5-c) sugars+ 6(co2) forms 12(3-c) sugars
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enzyme used for c3
greatest growth in |
rubp carboxylose
spring and fall |
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warm season c4 pathway first step
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6 (3-c) sugars + 6co2 forms 6(4-c) sugars
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enzyme used for c4
greatest growth in |
pep carboxylose
mid summer |
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respiration occurs in
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mitochondria
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respiration breaks down ? and makes ?
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gluclose and makes atp, nadh, co2
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2 steps of respiration
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glycolysis, kreb cycle
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forages definitoin
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leaves and stems that are consumed by animals
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ruminant/rumen
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ruminant animals have a rumen (part of digestive system) which contain bacteria capable of partially break down cellulose
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grazing definition
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direct consumption of forages by animals (most efficient harvesting)
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hay production
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leaves and stem are cut and dried to less than 20% moisture
1.) mowing and conditioning- squeezes forage to reduce moisture 2) windrow- long thin rows of cut forage 3) dried to less than 20% moisture 4) baling: stored in small square bales, round bales, hay stacks |
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straw definition
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dried stems of small grains used for bedding of animals (no feed value)
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corn silage: Ensiling
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production of silage
1)harvest entire plant at physiological maturity and 45-65% moisture 2) store in anaerobic conditions--upright silo, bunker silo, sausage bags 3) anaerobic bcatera convet carbohydrates to organic acids which lowers pH and destroys molds/microogranisms 4) silage production usually occurs on dairy farms |
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silage
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wet forage that is fermented and stored for later feed
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forage quality:
cell contents |
carbohydrates and proteins (100% digestible)
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forage quality
cell wall components |
cellulose: 60% digestible by ruminants, lignin isn't digestible
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as plant matures..
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produces flowers/seedheads so sell contents decline and cell wall components increase
quality declines |
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hay quality factors
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1. physilogical maturity (stem/leaves indicate lower quality)
2) leaf to stem ratio 3) color 4) odor 5) foreign material |
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forage species
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legumes are usually higher in protein content than grasses
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2 grasses:
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bunchgrasses and sod-forming
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bunchgrasses
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regrowth from crown, best for hay or silage, grow in clumps, don't spread
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sod-forming
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spread by rhizome/stolons, best for grazing, grow low and spread
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cool-season vs warm-season
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cool season grasses used for psature in spring/fall
warm sseason used as summer pasture cool season planted in fall warm season planted in spring |
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establishment/maintenance
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soil preparation
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planting
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plant 1/4 deep to maintain good seed to soil contact...critical to provide moisture and protection from elements
rake to cover seeds with soil |
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phosphorus
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most critical nurtient required during planting, for establishment
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nitrogen
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for maintenance after establishment, water less, but deeper
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how to stimulate tillering
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proper mowing height and frequency is critical for stimulating tillering
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tillering
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development of new shoots from the base of the plant or below ground
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