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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do offensive realists say the US should so today?
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Keep power, confront/contain potential challengers, but may provoke balancing
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What do defensive realists say the US should so today?
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Don’t provoke challengers, and other states may bandwagon
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What do liberals say the US should so today?
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Act multilaterally, justly, and fairly, since it’s not all about power
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General purpose, universal membership IGOs
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League of Nations, UN
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General purpose, restricted membership IGOs
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OAS, OAU, British Commonwealth, G8
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Limited purpose, universal membership IGOs
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IMF, World Bank, WHO, ILO
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Limited purpose, restricted membership
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EU, NATO, Mercosur, ASEAN
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EU as an IGO
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started as limited purpose, restricted membership, but is becoming general purpose, restricted membership
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supranatural authority
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A type of IGO where member states have granted them the authority to act independently and to make decisions that are binding on members even if some members disagree with those decisions
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instrumentalism
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when elites can manipulate people easily because of skin-deep view of nationalism
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alignment
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informal coalition
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alliance
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States that behave as a coalition, formalized by a written treaty, for purposes of military security
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types of alliances
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entente, defense pact, nonaggression pact
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How is dipolomacy important to liberals?
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it is a form of soft power
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soft power is...
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a type of intangible power
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hard power...
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helps influence outcomes rather than leading to attraction and influencing goals
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types of power to realists
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capabilities and influence are the same
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Morgenthau
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Whatever the ultimate aim of international politics, power is the immediate aim
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openness
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Extent to which a government is subject to influences from society
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tangible power
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Believing that threat CAN be carried out
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intangible power
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Believing that threat WILL be carried out
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high politics
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international relations
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low politics
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domestic politics
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realists believe...
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all politics are high
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unitary actor assumption
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Realists treat all states as unitary actors, in which high politics are not based on low politics
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liberals believe...
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all politics are low, you can't separate high and low
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________ is a critique of the liberal position
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power elite
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power elite
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those who occupy leading positions of power basically agree on fundamental principles by which society is organized
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risky shift
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Individuals respond to real and hypothetical situations more conservatively than when they are in a group
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instrumental rationality
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Choose means that serve your ends
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perfect rationality
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All information is available and processed, make best decision possible
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imperfect rationality
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People do the best they can, act rationally within information processing limits
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rational actor model
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Clarify goals, decide which are most important
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satisficing
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Selecting the first course of action that satisfies a minimal set of requirements, yielding an acceptable outcome
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prospect theory
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A perspective suggesting that decision makers are willing to take greater risks to protect what they have, and fewer risks to acquire what they want
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MAD if
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time to respond to first strike, mutual vulnerability
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security dilemma
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Many of the means by which a state tries to increase its security decrease the security of others
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j-curve
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people fight when steady progress is followed by a sharp downturn
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hobson's theory of capitalism
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many companies will end up competing with each other for foreign market share, and this could involve military conflict
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waltz
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international system is most important determinant of war/conflict, keep peace through balance of power
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blainey's critique of waltx
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wars start when sides are equally matched
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keohane and nye's critique of waltz
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complex interdependence, soft power important
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complex interdependence...
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seems to preclude the use of military force
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organski
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power transition theory
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causes of ethnopolitical conflict
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poverty, lack of democracy, existing conflict
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compromose position between realism and pacifism is...
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just war
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Groitus
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just cause, last resort
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just cause
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war is only for self-defense
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3 parts of just war
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declared publicy and by a legitimate authority, discrimination, proportionality
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naturalism
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a community of humankind that shares rights, responsibilities
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positivism
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consent/pacts are sacred
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realism and international law
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international law doesn't matter, leaders shouldn't feel bound by it
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3 perspectives of international law
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naturalism, positivism, realism
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realists see IOs as ______
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epiphenomenal
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epiphenomenal
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they just reflect power and interests at any one time
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communitarians
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sovereignty over IL
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cosmopolitans
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IL over sovereignty
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liberals take a _____ stance on IL
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positivist
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unstable/negative peace
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absence of war due to military threats
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stable peace
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absence of preparation or expectation for war
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positive peace
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absence of injustice, disagreement
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kantian tripod of peace
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federation of states (IOs), hospitality (interdependence), democracy
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functionalism
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a theory of stable peace where you use IOs to solve problems
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Mansfield and Snyder says that, to ease the transition to democracy,
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you should give elites a "golden parachute"
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mercantilism
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reduce vulnerability and maximize wealth by exporting, not importing
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sensitivity
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how quickly changes happen, how great they are
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vulnerability
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the actual costs
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geo-economics is like realism/mercantilism because...
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states are in perpetual competition
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geo-economics is like liberalism because...
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warfare costs more, economics more important
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military indistrial complex
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Sectors of society that benefit from spending on national defense, including the defense industry and professional military establishment
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follow-on imperative
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As one company stops producing a weapons, it gets a new weapons contract
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command economy
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An economic system in which decisions about the production, allocation and consumption of goods and services are planned ahead of time, in either a centralized or decentralized fashion
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free market
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Controversial model of an idealized economy, wherein exchanges are "free" of all coercive measures, including such government interference as tariffs, taxation, and regulations
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trade balance
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imports-exports
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economic liberalism
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private ownership, free markets, free trade
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protectionism
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restrict imports to protect domestic industries
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harmonization
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government economic policy converges to what market dictates
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modernization theory
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underdevelopment due to features of traditional society
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dependency theory
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underdevelopment due to "international structure"
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dependence
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only stronger power gains
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G-77
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Underdeveloped countries trying to negotiate better trade with industrialized
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NIEO
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Economic arrangements more favorable to the South
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micro-lending
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The extension of very small loans to unemployed, poor entrepreneurs and others living in poverty who are not bankable.
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