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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the spoil system?
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the awarding of government jobs to political supporters or friends
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President Andrew Jackson
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established the poll system
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President James Garfield
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assassinated by an office seeker who did not get a job
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What did the Civil Service Act of 1978 do?
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abolished the civil service commission and created two new agencies
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What does the office of Personal management OPM do?
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Recruits,interviews,and tests potential government workers
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What does the Merit System Protection Board (MSPB) do?
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Evaluates charges of wrongdoing and can order action against agencies and employees.
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Independent Executive Agency IEA?
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a federal agency not part of a cabinet department but reports directly to the Pres. they have single functions. i.e CIA, NASA, NSF
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Independent Regulatory Agencies IRA?
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their function is to create and implement rules that regulate private activity and protect the public interest in a particular sector of the economy.
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Government corporations
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like private corps. tn that they provide a service that could be handles by the private sector, they charge for their services
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What are government judicial agencies?
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Tax Court
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What is Rule making and what is a rule?
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rules become laws, rule making is governed by the federal administration procedures act requires at a minimum that the agencies must give public more notice of the rules, allow interested parties input, and have them in the federal register
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What is Adjudication?
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Is the process to establish, if a rule has been broken i.e., has a manufacturer emitted too much pollution
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What did the Federal Administration Procedures Act do?
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Requires a minimum that the agencies must give public notice of the rules, allow interested parties input & have them published int the Federal Register.
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What did the hatch Act of 1939 do?
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prohibit federal employees from actively participating in politics
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What did the 1993 Federal Employees Political Activities Act do?
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Weakened the Hatch Act, Fed. Employees can run a nonpartisan election (etc)
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What is Public opinion?
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The sum of individual attitudes or beliefs about an issue or question
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What is Survey Research?
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The idea is to sample a subset of the population that you are interested in.
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What is a sample?
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Can be generalized to the population.
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What is a true sample?
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unbiased scientifically generated sample
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What is the difference between scientific and nonscientific polls?
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depends on how the sample is collected, scientific polls us statistical methods to generate an unbiased sample
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What is a representative sample?
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Every attribute of the sub population should be like the real population (i.e gender, ethnicity, income education etc.)
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What is a simple random sample?
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Each and every person in the entire population has an equal opportunity to be selected for the analysis?
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What is the literacy digest example that occurred in 1936?
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Landon vs. Roosevelt, used telephone and automobile registration
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What is the margin of error and how do you calculate it?
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the difference between the true sample and the generated sample is called margin of error, the smaller the # the larger the margin of error
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what was the census and politics example?
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Census taken every ten years, used to decide apportionment
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What is a straw poll?
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a biased sample
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Exit Polls
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ask how people how they voted as they are leaving a voting station, Typical procedure used to predict elections before polls closed. Biased since it only surveys people who vote.
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Internet/magazine Polls
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attract an audience already interested in the subject (ESPN sports)
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Push Polls
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When the pollster deliberately feeds respondents misleading information to push them into favoring a particular candidate or issue.
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Why were the Nixon- Kennedy debates important?
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it was the first time appearance of candidates became a factor
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What did the Communication Act of 1934 do?
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Government began regulating the limited # of broadcast frequencies
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What was the FCC and what forms of media does it regulate?
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Federal Communication Commission
regulates interstate and international communication of radio, tv, wire |
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What media does the FCC have no authority over?
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Print Medium (ie, Newspapers,magazines) also not satellite radio (it does not use government controlled frequencies)
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What did Reno v ACLU (1997) rule?
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the internet is print medium and cannot be regulated
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Equal time Rule
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if a station allows a candidate to buy or use airtime outside of regular news broadcast it must allow all candidates that opportunity.
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Fairness Doctrine
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Gives Equal time for both sides of controversial issues
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Right of Rebuttal
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individuals whose reputations are damaged have a right to respond. Not enforced today.
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What did the Telecommunication Act of 1996 do?
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created more media concentration by allowing one company to own more TV and radio stations (one company cannot own more than 35% of the market)
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What is narrowcasting?
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targeting media programming to a specific audience. FOX conservatives, CNN liberals
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What is a sound bite?
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a brief, memorable comment that easily fits into news broadcast or political commercial. 5-10 second sound bite.
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What is a Spin Doctor?
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professional media consultant who directs politicians how to respond to good or bad situations.
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Which Party dominated politics in the early 1800's?
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Dem-Reps
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Which 2 parties competed for the White House in the 1840's and 1850's?
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Feds and Anti Feds
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Which Party controlled politics from 1860 until 1932, and from 1932 to 1994?
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Republicans
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Realigning Election
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where the popular support for parties shift
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Dealigning
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parties become less important (vote for the candidate/not the party)
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Secular Realignment
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population shifts in the nation changes preferences among the various regions
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4 things that political parties do?
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1.Recruit & nominate candidates for political office
2.Help educate the public about political issues 3.Coordinate policy among the various branches & levels of gov. 4.Run campaigns including nominating conventions. |
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Democrats
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natural rights
pro -tax growth of gov social programs doves (no wars) pro - env.gay,choice restriction on guns |
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Republicans
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state rights
anti - tax limited gov. cut social programs hawks (go to war) anti- env, gay marriage pro life no restrict on guns |
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What is the Swamp Technique?
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Flood a congressperson with email or phone calls
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What is an amicus curiae brief?
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a friend of the court brief that introduces a third party
to a lawsuit in order to raise additional points of view to influence the court's decision |
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what are some problems with lobbying?
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1. lobbying may attempt to bribe congresspersons for votes.
2. lobbyists are often former members who still have close calls |
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What are the 2 stages of presidential elections?
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nomination process & the general election
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What is front loading and who does it give an advantage to?
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Front loading is where states move their primary dates earlier in the primary season to gain more influence in the choice of nominees (MI FLA punished) it gives an advantage to well known candidates.
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what are super delegates?
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Are based on support from the state and involve non elected members who have a vote at the convention
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what did Buckley v. Valero (1976) rule?
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the supreme court ruled that overall spending limits violated individuals first amendment free speech rights
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How does a candidate qualify for public funding?
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To qualify candidates must get 20 people in 20 states to contribute $250 (or raise 5000 in 20 states)
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How can minor parties receive public funding?
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Minor parties must receive at least 5% of the vote in the preceding election to be eligible.
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what are 527 groups and how are the commercials they produce restricted?
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527 may raise unlimited funds for issue ads as long as they do not openly promote any candidate (can say this ad is promoted by Obama)
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What did the FEC v. Wisconsin Right to life (WRTL) 2007 Rule?
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FEC v. Wisconsin Right to life ruled that the BCRA restrictions could apply only if the ad is susceptible of no reasonable interpretation other than as an appeal to vote for or against a specific candidate.
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