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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alfred __________ proposed ____________ _____________ .
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Wegner, Continental Drift
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The four lines of evidence for continental drift
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- matching rock units and mountain ranges across the Atlantic Ocean (rock record)
- evidence of ancient glaciation (paleoclimate) - the fit of continental coastlines - fossil record (eg - Mesosaurs in S. America and Africa) |
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Continental Drift was not accepted during Wegner's lifetime because of the poor choice of _____________, which was ________ _________ .
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mechanism, tidal forces
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New oceanic crust is produced at _________-_________ _________ and spreads ____________ .
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mid-ocean ridges, laterally
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Seafloor spreading is driven by ____________ of the ___________ .
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convection, mantle
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__________ proposed the idea of ___________ ___________ in Essays in ___________ .
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Hess, seafloor spreading, Geopoetry
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Bathymetry
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topography of the seafloor
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Evidence for seafloor spreading from Bathymetry
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-age of seafloor rocks and sediments (clincher)
--abyssal plains -paleomagnetism -mid-ocean ridges -ocean trenches |
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Plate boundaries are recognized by ___________ ___________ .
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earthquake belts
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Types of plate boundaries
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- transform
- convergent - divergent |
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Plates that move away from each other
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divergent boundary
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Plates that move toward each other
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convergent boundary
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Plates that slide/grind past each other
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transform plate boundary
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Divergent plant boundaries are " __________ __________" .
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spreading centers
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Earthquakes at divergent boundaries are ________ .
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weak
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The two types of convergent boundaries are ________ ________ and ________ ________ .
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subduction zones, collision zones
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Earthquakes at convergent boundaries and transform plate boundaries are ________ .
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strong
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At subduction zones, at least one of the plates contains _________ _________ and the oceanic plate ____________ .
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oceanic basalt, subducts
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Both types of subduction zones are marked by a ________ and there are ________ on the __________ plate.
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trench, volcanoes, overriding
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At collision zones, both of the plates contain _________ ________ and the plates ____________ together.
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continental crust, suture
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Is there any volcanism at collision zones?
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No (too thick)
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Relative plate motions are measured by _______ _______ ________ .
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age versus distance
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Rates of relative plate motions have been _________ in the ________ because of the _________ __________ .
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faster, past, hotter interior
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Absolute plate motion measurements require a ________ frame of ________ ________ ________ _________ .
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fixed, reference to hot spots
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Hot spot
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place where very hot mantle rock rises from very deep within the mantle
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The first supercontinent was ____________ .
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Rodinia
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__________ was formed when Rodinia split up.
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Gondwana
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Gondwana consisted of _________, _______ _______, __________, __________, and _________ .
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Africa, South America, Antarctica, India, Madagascar
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During the ____________, Florida was part of _________ .
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Paleozoic, Gondwana
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Pangaea split apart during the ___________ .
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Mesozoic
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Gondwana split apart during the __________ .
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Cretaceous
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Moho
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crust-plate boundary
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Guyots
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former volcanic islands that are now below sea level with a flat top
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Guyots closest to heat source are ________ ________ below sea level, which is associated with convection.
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most shallow
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Seafloor is the youngest at __________ .
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ridges
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Mid-ocean ridges are ____________ plate boundaries.
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divergent
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The Himalayas are an example of a ________ ________ .
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collision zone
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The San Andreas Fault is an example of a _________ _________ _________ .
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transform plate boundary
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